Agricultural activities, including stock-farming, planting industry, and fish aquaculture, can affect the physicochemical and biological characters of freshwater lakes. However, the effects of pollution producing by agricultural activities on microbial ecosystem of lakes remain unclear. Hence, in this work, we selected Honghu Lake as a typical lake that is influenced by agriculture activities. We collected water and sediment samples from 18 sites, which span a wide range of areas from impacted and less-impacted areas. We performed a geospatial analysis on the composition of microbial communities associated with physicochemical properties and antibiotic pollution of samples. The co-occurrence networks of water and sediment were also built and analyzed. Our results showed that the microbial communities of impacted and less-impacted samples of water were largely driven by the concentrations of TN, TP, NO3--N, and NO2--N, while those of sediment were affected by the concentrations of Sed-OM and Sed-TN. Antibiotics have also played important roles in shaping these microbial communities: the concentrations of oxytetracycline and tetracycline clearly reflected the variance in taxonomic diversity and predicted functional diversity between impacted and less-impacted sites in water and sediment samples, respectively. Furthermore, for samples from both water and sediment, large differences of network topology structures between impacted and less-impacted were also observed. Our results provide compelling evidence that the microbial community can be used as a sentinel of eutrophication and antibiotics pollution risk associated with agricultural activity; and that proper monitoring of this environment is vital to maintain a sustainable environment in Honghu Lake.

中文翻译：

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农业风险因素影响洪湖微生物生态。

农业活动，包括畜牧业，种植业和鱼类水产养殖，可影响淡水湖泊的理化和生物学特性。然而，农业活动产生的污染对湖泊微生物生态系统的影响尚不清楚。因此，在这项工作中，我们选择了洪湖作为典型的受农业活动影响的湖泊。我们从18个地点收集了水和沉积物样本，这些地点涵盖了受灾地区和受灾较少地区。我们对与样品的理化特性和抗生素污染有关的微生物群落组成进行了地理空间分析。还建立并分析了水和沉积物的共现网络。我们的结果表明，受影响和较少受到影响的水样品的微生物群落主要由TN，TP，NO3--N和NO2--N的浓度驱动，而沉积物的微生物群落受Sed-的浓度影响。 OM和Sed-TN。抗生素在塑造这些微生物群落中也发挥了重要作用：土霉素和四环素的浓度清楚地反映了水和沉积物样品中受影响部位和未受影响部位之间的分类学多样性差异和预测的功能多样性。此外，对于来自水和沉积物的样本，还发现了受影响和受影响较小的网络拓扑结构的巨大差异。我们的研究结果提供了令人信服的证据，表明微生物群落可以作为与农业活动相关的富营养化和抗生素污染风险的前哨；正确监控此环境对于维持洪湖的可持续环境至关重要。