Hematopoiesis is a highly-regulated development process orchestrated by lineage-specific transcription factors that direct the generation of all mature blood cells types, including red blood cells, megakaryocytes, granulocytes, monocytes, and lymphocytes. Under homeostatic conditions, the hematopoietic system of the typical adult generates over 1011 blood cells daily throughout life. In addition, hematopoiesis must be responsive to acute challenges due to blood loss or infection. MicroRNAs (miRs) cooperate with transcription factors to regulate all aspects of hematopoiesis, including stem cell maintenance, lineage selection, cell expansion, and terminal differentiation. Distinct miR expression patterns are associated with specific hematopoietic lineages and stages of differentiation and functional analyses have elucidated essential roles for miRs in regulating cell transitions, lineage selection, maturation, and function. MiRs function as downstream effectors of hematopoietic transcription factors and as upstream regulators to control transcription factor levels. Multiple miRs have been shown to play essential roles. Regulatory networks comprised of differentially expressed lineage-specific miRs and hematopoietic transcription factors are involved in controlling the quiescence and self-renewal of hematopoietic stem cells as well as proliferation and differentiation of lineage-specific progenitor cells during erythropoiesis, myelopoiesis, and lymphopoiesis. This review focuses on hematopoietic miRs that function as upstream regulators of central hematopoietic transcription factors required for normal hematopoiesis. This article is categorized under: RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Development Regulatory RNAs/RNAi/Riboswitches > Regulatory RNAs.

中文翻译：

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MicroRNA作为造血转录因子的调节剂和效应子。

造血是一种由谱系特异性转录因子精心调控的发育过程，该谱系指导所有成熟血细胞类型（包括红细胞，巨核细胞，粒细胞，单核细胞和淋巴细胞）的生成。在体内平衡条件下，典型成年人的造血系统在一生中每天会产生1011多个血细胞。另外，造血作用必须对因失血或感染引起的急性挑战作出反应。MicroRNA（miR）与转录因子协同调节造血的各个方面，包括干细胞维持，谱系选择，细胞扩增和终末分化。独特的miR表达模式与特定的造血谱系和分化阶段有关，功能分析阐明了miR在调节细胞过渡，谱系选择，成熟和功能中的重要作用。MiR充当造血转录因子的下游效应子，并作为控制转录因子水平的上游调节剂。多种miR已显示出必不可少的作用。由差异表达的谱系特异性miRs和造血转录因子组成的调控网络参与控制造血干细胞的静止和自我更新，以及在红细胞生成，骨髓生成和淋巴细胞生成过程中谱系特异性祖细胞的增殖和分化。这项审查侧重于造血miRs，作为正常造血所需的中央造血转录因子的上游调节子。本文归类于：疾病与发展中的RNA>发展中的RNA调控RNA / RNAi /核糖开关>调控RNA。