OBJECTIVE The purpose of this article is to review the imaging findings and genomics of granulosa cell tumors (GCTs) in order to aid in diagnosis and management of GCTs. GCTs are the most common type of sex cord-stromal tumors of the ovary. They are usually diagnosed initially with ultrasound and are subsequently further characterized with CT and MRI. PET/CT is often ordered as well to measure the extent of disease and for follow-up, but its usefulness is in question as some GCTs lack FDG avidity. There is significant variability in imaging phenotypes of GCTs, ranging from mostly cystic to almost solid. More resources have recently been dedicated to understanding the genetics and molecular mechanisms of GCT development. Current research shows that the main cause of GCT carcinogenesis is the FOXL2 mutation, but there are several other noteworthy mutations that contribute to the pathogenesis of this disease. Certain mutations, like GATA4, are known to be associated with more aggressive disease and higher rates of recurrence. CONCLUSION Using this information, imaging protocols can be altered depending on the genotype of the tumor. Further understanding of the genetic alterations that underpin the development of GCTs is indicated as genotypic knowledge could be used to guide optimal imaging and management strategies.

中文翻译：

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颗粒细胞肿瘤的多模态成像和基因组学。

目的本文旨在综述颗粒细胞瘤（GCT）的影像学发现和基因组学，以帮助诊断和处理GCT。GCT是卵巢性索-间质肿瘤的最常见类型。通常通常先用超声诊断，然后再用CT和MRI对其进行特征化。通常也订购PET / CT来测量疾病的程度和进行随访，但由于某些GCT缺乏FDG亲和力，因此其有效性尚存疑问。GCT的成像表型存在显着差异，范围从囊性到几乎是固态。最近，更多的资源致力于理解GCT发育的遗传学和分子机制。当前的研究表明，GCT致癌的主要原因是FOXL2突变，但是还有其他一些值得注意的突变也导致了这种疾病的发病。已知某些突变（例如GATA4）与更具侵略性的疾病和更高的复发率相关。结论利用该信息，可以根据肿瘤的基因型改变成像方案。由于可以利用基因型知识来指导最佳影像和管理策略，因此需要进一步了解支持GCT发展的遗传变异。