The novel cancer theory named ‘the tissue organization field theory’ (TOFT) suggests that carcinogenesis is a process analogous to embryonic development, whereby organs are formed through interactions among different cell types. The suggested ‘morphological remodelling’ of the epithelium under hypoxia in gut breathing fish (GBF) has many common features with carcinogenesis. It appears that research into the relationship among epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) as well as hypoxia and normoxia states in GBF fishes can be crucial in learning about the steering mechanisms of squamous epithelium proliferation, leading to a better understanding of carcinogenesis.

名为“组织组织场论”（TOFT）的新型癌症理论表明，致癌作用类似于胚胎发育，是通过不同细胞类型之间相互作用形成器官的过程。肠道呼吸鱼类（GBF）在缺氧条件下上皮的“形态重塑”具有许多共同的癌变特征。看来，研究GBF鱼类中的表皮生长因子受体（EGFR），缺氧诱导因子（HIF）以及缺氧和正常氧状态之间的关系，对于了解鳞状上皮细胞增殖的调控机制至关重要，从而可以更好地发挥作用。了解致癌作用。