BACKGROUND Identifying socioeconomic determinants that are associated with access to and availability of exercise facilities is fundamental to supporting physical activity engagement in urban populations, which in turn, may reduce health inequities. This study analysed the relationship between area-level socioeconomic status (SES) and access to, and availability of, exercise facilities in Madrid, Spain. METHODS Area-level SES was measured using a composite index based on seven sociodemographic indicators. Exercise facilities were geocoded using Google Maps and classified into four types: public, private, low-cost and sessional. Accessibility was operationalized as the street network distance to the nearest exercise facility from each of the 125,427 residential building entrances (i.e. portals) in Madrid. Availability was defined as the count of exercise facilities in a 1000 m street network buffer around each portal. We used a multilevel linear regression and a zero inflated Poisson regression analyses to assess the association between area-level SES and exercise facility accessibility and availability. RESULTS Lower SES areas had a lower average distance to the closest facility, especially for public and low-cost facilities. Higher SES areas had higher availability of exercise facilities, especially for private and seasonal facilities. CONCLUSION Public and low-cost exercise facilities were more proximate in low SES areas, but the overall number of facilities was lower in these areas compared with higher SES areas. Increasing the number of exercise facilities in lower SES areas may be an intervention to improve health equity.

中文翻译：

---

马德里运动设施的获取和可用性：公平的观点。

背景技术识别与运动设施的获得和可用性相关的社会经济决定因素是支持城市人口从事体育活动的基础，而这反过来又可以减少健康不平等。这项研究分析了西班牙马德里地区一级社会经济地位（SES）与运动设施的获取和可用性之间的关系。方法使用基于七个社会人口学指标的综合指数来测量区域级SES。运动设施使用Google Maps进行了地理编码，分为四种类型：公共，私人，低成本和会期。可访问性已开始运营，因为街道网络距离马德里125,427个住宅建筑物入口（即门户）到最近的健身设施的距离。可用性定义为每个门户周围1000 m街道网络缓冲区中的健身设施数量。我们使用了多级线性回归和零膨胀泊松回归分析来评估区域级SES与运动设施可及性和可用性之间的关联。结果低SES区域到最近设施的平均距离较低，特别是对于公共设施和低成本设施。较高的SES区域具有较高的健身设施，尤其是私人和季节性健身设施。结论在低SES地区，公共和低成本健身设施更为接近，但与高SES地区相比，这些地区的设施总数较少。在低SES地区增加运动设施的数量可能是改善健康公平性的一项干预措施。