当前位置: X-MOL 学术Law and Human Behavior › 论文详情
Our official English website, www.x-mol.net, welcomes your feedback! (Note: you will need to create a separate account there.)
Mistaken eyewitness identification rates increase when either witnessing or testing conditions get worse.
Law and Human Behavior ( IF 3.870 ) Pub Date : 2019-08-01 , DOI: 10.1037/lhb0000334
Andrew M Smith 1 , Miko M Wilford 1 , Adele Quigley-McBride 1 , Gary L Wells 1
Affiliation  

We examined how giving eyewitnesses a weak recognition experience impacts their identification decisions. In 2 experiments we forced a weak recognition experience for lineups by impairing either encoding or retrieval conditions. In Experiment 1 (n = 245), undergraduate participants were randomly assigned to watch either a clear or a degraded culprit video and then viewed either a culprit-present or culprit-removed lineup identification procedure. In Experiment 2 (n = 227), all participants watched the same clear culprit video but were then randomly assigned to either view a clear or noise-degraded lineup procedure. Half of the participants viewed a culprit-present lineup procedure and the remaining participants viewed a culprit-removed lineup procedure. Not surprisingly, degrading either encoding or retrieval conditions led to a sharp drop in culprit identifications. Critically, and as predicted, degrading either encoding or retrieval conditions also led to a sharp increase in the identification of innocent persons. These results suggest that when a lineup procedure gives a witness a weak match-to-memory experience, the witness will lower her criterion for making an affirmative identification decision. This pattern of results is troubling because it suggests that witnesses who encounter lineups that do not include the culprit might have a tendency to use a lower criterion for identification than do witnesses who encounter lineups that actually include the culprit. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译:

当目击或测试条件变得更糟时,错误的目击者识别率会增加。

我们检查了给目击者较弱的识别体验如何影响他们的识别决策。在2个实验中,我们通过削弱编码或检索条件,对阵容提出了较弱的识别经验。在实验1(n = 245)中,将大学生随机分配给观看清晰的或降级的罪犯视频,然后查看罪犯在场或罪犯被删除的阵容识别程序。在实验2(n = 227)中,所有参与者都观看了相同的清晰罪犯视频,但随后被随机分配以观看清晰或降噪的节目列表程序。一半的参与者查看了犯人存在的阵容程序,其余的参与者查看了犯人被删除的阵容程序。不出所料,降低编码或检索条件会导致罪犯识别急剧下降。至关重要的是,正如预测的那样,降低编码或检索条件也导致对无辜者的识别急剧增加。这些结果表明,当一个排队程序使证人的记忆与记忆能力较弱时,证人会降低其做出肯定确认决定的标准。这种结果模式令人不安,因为它表明遇到不包含犯罪分子的证人的证人可能会使用比发现包含犯罪分子的证人的证人更低的识别标准。(PsycINFO数据库记录(c)2019 APA,保留所有权利)。降低编码或检索条件的程度也导致对无辜者的识别急剧增加。这些结果表明,当一个排队程序使证人的记忆与记忆能力较弱时,证人会降低其做出肯定确认决定的标准。这种结果模式令人不安,因为它表明遇到不包含罪魁祸首的证人的证人可能会使用比实际上遇到罪魁祸首的证人的证词更低的识别标准。(PsycINFO数据库记录(c)2019 APA,保留所有权利)。降低编码或检索条件的程度也导致对无辜者的识别急剧增加。这些结果表明,当一个排队程序使证人的记忆与记忆能力较弱时,证人会降低其做出肯定确认决定的标准。这种结果模式令人不安,因为它表明遇到不包含犯罪分子的证人的证人可能会使用比发现包含犯罪分子的证人的证人更低的识别标准。(PsycINFO数据库记录(c)2019 APA,保留所有权利)。证人将降低做出肯定确认决定的标准。这种结果模式令人不安,因为它表明遇到不包含犯罪分子的证人的证人可能会使用比发现包含犯罪分子的证人的证人更低的识别标准。(PsycINFO数据库记录(c)2019 APA,保留所有权利)。证人将降低做出肯定确认决定的标准。这种结果模式令人不安,因为它表明遇到不包含犯罪分子的证人的证人可能会使用比发现包含犯罪分子的证人的证人更低的识别标准。(PsycINFO数据库记录(c)2019 APA,保留所有权利)。
更新日期:2019-08-01
down
wechat
bug