Some parasitoids modify the behavior of their hosts, benefiting themselves at the host’s expense. This phenomenon is called ‘manipulation’, and current research on parasitoid manipulation of host behavior tends to fall into one of three categories. First, the frequency of manipulation and the magnitude of its benefits to the parasitoid remains unclear. Basic documentation of manipulations is thus a major research focus, with especially valuable recent data coming from spiders manipulated by Polysphincta wasps. Second, for a handful of systems, we now have sufficient phylogenetic and behavioral data to begin asking questions about how manipulation evolved. Finally, the field continues to probe the mechanisms through which parasitoids manipulate host behavior, and now examines the role of parasitoid symbionts in this interaction.

一些寄生虫会改变其宿主的行为，使他们自己受益，但要付出宿主的代价。这种现象被称为“操纵”，并且目前关于寄生行为操纵宿主行为的研究趋于落入三类之一。首先，操纵的频率及其对寄生虫的益处的程度仍不清楚。因此，有关操纵的基本文献资料是主要研究重点，特别是来自多孢菌属操纵的蜘蛛的近期特别有价值的数据黄蜂。其次，对于少数系统，我们现在拥有足够的系统发育和行为数据，可以开始询问有关操纵如何演变的问题。最终，该领域继续探索寄生物操纵宿主行为的机制，现在研究寄生物共生体在这种相互作用中的作用。