Neuropathic pain is characterized by abnormal hypersensitivity to stimuli (hyperalgesia) and nociceptive responses to non-noxious stimuli (allodynia). The conditions and the pathophysiological states that determine the onset of neuropathic pain are heterogeneous, such as metabolic disorders, neuropathy caused by viral infections, and autoimmune diseases affecting the central nervous system (CNS). Neuropathic pain in the general population is estimated to have a prevalence ranging between 3% and 17%. Most of the available treatments for neuropathic pain have moderate efficacy and present side effects that limit their use; therefore, other therapeutic approaches are needed for patients. In this article, the current standard of care treatment, the emerging pharmacological approaches from the completed phase III clinical trials, and the preclinical studies on novel promising therapeutic options will be reviewed.

中文翻译：

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神经性疼痛：当前治疗方法和未来治疗方法的概述。

神经性疼痛的特征在于对刺激的异常超敏反应（痛觉过敏）和对非有害刺激的伤害性反应（异常性疼痛）。决定神经性疼痛发作的条件和病理生理状态是异质性的，例如代谢异常，病毒感染引起的神经病变和影响中枢神经系统（CNS）的自身免疫性疾病。据估计，一般人群的神经性疼痛的患病率在3％至17％之间。神经病性疼痛的大多数可用治疗方法均具有中等疗效，并且存在限制其使用的副作用。因此，患者需要其他治疗方法。在本文中，当前的护理标准，已完成的III期临床试验中出现的新药理学方法，