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Factors inhibiting intestinal calcium absorption: hormones and luminal factors that prevent excessive calcium uptake.
The Journal of Physiological Sciences ( IF 2.3 ) Pub Date : 2019-06-22 , DOI: 10.1007/s12576-019-00688-3
Kannikar Wongdee 1, 2 , Mayuree Rodrat 2, 3 , Jarinthorn Teerapornpuntakit 2, 4 , Nateetip Krishnamra 2, 3 , Narattaphol Charoenphandhu 2, 3, 5, 6
Affiliation  

Besides the two canonical calciotropic hormones, namely parathyroid hormone and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)2D3], there are several other endocrine and paracrine factors, such as prolactin, estrogen, and insulin-like growth factor that have been known to directly stimulate intestinal calcium absorption. Generally, to maintain an optimal plasma calcium level, these positive regulators enhance calcium absorption, which is indirectly counterbalanced by a long-loop negative feedback mechanism, i.e., through calcium-sensing receptor in the parathyroid chief cells. However, several lines of recent evidence have revealed the presence of calcium absorption inhibitors present in the intestinal lumen and extracellular fluid in close vicinity to enterocytes, which could also directly compromise calcium absorption. For example, luminal iron, circulating fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-23, and stanniocalcin can decrease calcium absorption, thereby preventing excessive calcium uptake under certain conditions. Interestingly, the intestinal epithelial cells themselves could lower their rate of calcium uptake after exposure to high luminal calcium concentration, suggesting a presence of an ultra-short negative feedback loop independent of systemic hormones. The existence of neural regulation is also plausible but this requires more supporting evidence. In the present review, we elaborate on the physiological significance of these negative feedback regulators of calcium absorption, and provide evidence to show how our body can efficiently restrict a flood of calcium influx in order to maintain calcium homeostasis.

中文翻译:

抑制肠道钙吸收的因素:防止钙摄入过多的激素和内腔因素。

除了两种典型的趋向激素,即甲状旁腺激素和1,25-二羟基维生素D [1,25(OH)2D3],还有其他几种内分泌和旁分泌因子,例如催乳素,雌激素和胰岛素样生长因子众所周知,直接刺激肠道钙的吸收。通常,为了维持最佳的血浆钙水平,这些正调节剂可增强钙吸收,这可通过长环负反馈机制(即通过甲状旁腺副细胞中的钙敏感受体)间接抵消。但是,最近的一些证据表明,肠腔和肠细胞附近的细胞外液中均存在钙吸收抑制剂,这也可能直接损害钙的吸收。例如,腔铁 循环成纤维细胞生长因子(FGF)-23和锡钙素可降低钙的吸收,从而在某些情况下可防止钙的过量摄入。有趣的是,肠腔上皮细胞本身可能会在暴露于高腔内钙浓度后降低其钙摄取速率,这表明存在超短的负反馈回路,与全身激素无关。神经调节的存在也是合理的,但这需要更多的支持证据。在本综述中,我们详细介绍了钙吸收的这些负反馈调节剂的生理学意义,并提供了证据来证明我们的身体如何有效地限制大量的钙流入以维持钙稳态。锡钙素可降低钙的吸收,从而在某些情况下可防止钙的过量吸收。有趣的是,肠腔上皮细胞本身可能会在暴露于高腔内钙浓度后降低其钙摄取速率,这表明存在超短的负反馈回路,与全身激素无关。神经调节的存在也是合理的,但这需要更多的支持证据。在本综述中,我们详细介绍了钙吸收的这些负反馈调节剂的生理学意义,并提供了证据来证明我们的身体如何有效地限制大量的钙流入以维持钙稳态。锡钙素可降低钙的吸收,从而在某些情况下可防止钙的过量吸收。有趣的是,肠腔上皮细胞本身可能会在暴露于高腔内钙浓度后降低其钙摄取速率,这表明存在超短的负反馈回路,与全身激素无关。神经调节的存在也是合理的,但这需要更多的支持证据。在本综述中,我们详细介绍了钙吸收的这些负反馈调节剂的生理学意义,并提供了证据来证明我们的身体如何有效地限制大量的钙流入以维持钙稳态。肠上皮细胞本身可能会在暴露于高腔内钙浓度后降低其钙摄取速率,这表明存在一个超短的负反馈回路,与全身激素无关。神经调节的存在也是合理的,但这需要更多的支持证据。在本综述中,我们详细介绍了钙吸收的这些负反馈调节剂的生理学意义,并提供了证据来证明我们的身体如何有效地限制大量的钙流入以维持钙稳态。肠上皮细胞本身可能会在暴露于高腔内钙浓度后降低其钙摄取速率,这表明存在一个超短的负反馈回路,与全身激素无关。神经调节的存在也是合理的,但这需要更多的支持证据。在本综述中,我们详细介绍了钙吸收的这些负反馈调节剂的生理学意义,并提供了证据来证明我们的身体如何有效地限制大量的钙流入以维持钙稳态。神经调节的存在也是合理的,但这需要更多的支持证据。在本综述中,我们详细介绍了钙吸收的这些负反馈调节剂的生理学意义,并提供了证据来证明我们的身体如何有效地限制大量的钙流入以维持钙稳态。神经调节的存在也是合理的,但这需要更多的支持证据。在本综述中,我们详细介绍了钙吸收的这些负反馈调节剂的生理学意义,并提供了证据来证明我们的身体如何有效地限制大量的钙流入以维持钙稳态。
更新日期:2019-11-01
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