BACKGROUND Human cosaviruses (HCoSVs) are newly discovered enteric viruses in the Picornaviridae family. They have been described in non-polio acute flaccid paralysis, diarrheal patients, and healthy individuals. They remain rarely documented in immunodeficient patients. OBJECTIVES This study reports iterative excretion of HCoSVs in a patient with major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II combined immunodeficiency, a relatively common primary immunodeficiency in consanguineous settings. METHODS A total of 35 samples were collected from a patient followed for oral polio vaccine strains detection in stool samples during a 57-month period. Detection of HCoSVs in stools was performed by nested RT-PCR in the 5' noncoding region. The genotype identification and screening for recombinant strains was performed by sequencing in the VP1 and 3D genomic regions followed by phylogenetic analysis. RESULTS The patient was infected with HCoSVs twice at a 3-year interval. The excreted viruses belonged to 2 different genotypes with 2 probable recombinant viruses. During HCoSV infections, the patient was also excreting Sabin-related polioviruses. CONCLUSIONS This study describes excretion kinetics and genetic characteristics of HCoSVs in a patient with combined immunodeficiency due to MHC class II expression defect. The patient did not have concomitant symptoms related to the HCoSV infection.

中文翻译：

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来自与联合免疫功能低下疾病相关的不同基因型的人冠状病毒的迭代排泄。

背景技术人柯萨病毒（HCoSV）是Picornaviridae家族中新发现的肠病毒。在非脊髓灰质炎性急性弛缓性麻痹，腹泻患者和健康个体中已有描述。他们仍然很少在免疫缺陷患者中得到证明。目的这项研究报告患有重度组织相容性复合物（MHC）II类合并免疫缺陷的患者中HCoSV的反复排泄，这是近亲中相对常见的原发性免疫缺陷。方法在一个57个月的时间内，从患者中收集了35个样本，然后在粪便样本中检测了口服脊髓灰质炎疫苗株。通过巢式RT-PCR在5'非编码区中检测粪便中的HCoSV。通过在VP1和3D基因组区域进行测序，然后进行系统发育分析，对重组菌株进行基因型鉴定和筛选。结果该患者每3年两次感染HCoSV。排泄的病毒属于2种不同的基因型，有2种可能的重组病毒。在HCoSV感染期间，患者还排泄了与Sabin有关的脊髓灰质炎病毒。结论本研究描述了由于MHC II类表达缺陷而合并免疫缺陷的患者HCoSV的排泄动力学和遗传学特征。患者没有伴随HCoSV感染的伴随症状。排泄的病毒属于2种不同的基因型，有2种可能的重组病毒。在HCoSV感染期间，患者还排泄了Sabin相关脊髓灰质炎病毒。结论本研究描述了由于MHC II类表达缺陷而合并免疫缺陷的患者HCoSV的排泄动力学和遗传学特征。患者没有伴随HCoSV感染的伴随症状。排泄的病毒属于2种不同的基因型，有2种可能的重组病毒。在HCoSV感染期间，患者还排泄了与Sabin有关的脊髓灰质炎病毒。结论本研究描述了由于MHC II类表达缺陷而合并免疫缺陷的患者HCoSV的排泄动力学和遗传学特征。患者没有伴随HCoSV感染的伴随症状。