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Neuronal Activity in the Hibernating Brain.
Frontiers in Neuroanatomy ( IF 2.9 ) Pub Date : 2019-07-25 , DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2019.00071
Mandy Sonntag 1 , Thomas Arendt 1
Affiliation  

Hibernation is a natural phenomenon in many species which helps them to survive under extreme ambient conditions, such as cold temperatures and reduced availability of food in the winter months. It is characterized by a dramatic and regulated drop of body temperature, which in some cases can be near 0°C. Additionally, neural control of hibernation is maintained over all phases of a hibernation bout, including entrance into, during and arousal from torpor, despite a marked decrease in overall neural activity in torpor. In the present review, we provide an overview on what we know about neuronal activity in the hibernating brain focusing on cold-induced adaptations. We discuss pioneer and more recent in vitro and in vivo electrophysiological data and molecular analyses of activity markers which strikingly contributed to our understanding of the brain's sensitivity to dramatic changes in temperature across the hibernation cycle. Neuronal activity is markedly reduced with decreasing body temperature, and many neurons may fire infrequently in torpor at low brain temperatures. Still, there is convincing evidence that specific regions maintain their ability to generate action potentials in deep torpor, at least in response to adequate stimuli. Those regions include the peripheral system and primary central regions. However, further experiments on neuronal activity are needed to more precisely determine temperature effects on neuronal activity in specific cell types and specific brain nuclei.

中文翻译:

冬眠的大脑中的神经元活动。

冬眠是许多物种的自然现象,可帮助他们在极端的环境条件下生存,例如低温和冬季食物供应不足。它的特征是体温急剧下降且受到调节,在某些情况下可能接近0°C。另外,尽管冬眠的总体神经活动明显减少,但在冬眠发作的所有阶段都保持了冬眠的神经控制,包括进入冬眠,在冬眠期间和从冬眠中唤醒。在当前的审查中,我们概述了我们对冬眠的大脑中神经元活动的了解,重点是寒冷引起的适应。我们讨论了先锋的和较新的体外和体内电生理数据以及活性标记物的分子分析,这些显着有助于我们理解大脑对整个冬眠周期中温度急剧变化的敏感性。随着体温的降低,神经元的活动显着减少,在脑温低的情况下,许多神经元可能很少在火炬中触发。尽管如此,仍有令人信服的证据表明,至少在适当的刺激下,特定区域保持了其在深部热风中产生动作电位的能力。这些区域包括外围系统和主要中心区域。但是,需要进一步的神经元活动实验,以更精确地确定温度对特定细胞类型和特定脑核中神经元活动的影响。在整个休眠周期中对温度急剧变化的敏感性。随着体温的降低,神经元的活动显着减少,在脑温低的情况下,许多神经元可能很少在火炬中触发。尽管如此,仍有令人信服的证据表明,至少在适当的刺激下,特定区域保持了其在深部热风中产生动作电位的能力。这些区域包括外围系统和主要中心区域。但是,需要进一步的神经元活动实验,以更精确地确定温度对特定细胞类型和特定脑核中神经元活动的影响。在整个休眠周期中对温度急剧变化的敏感性。随着体温的降低,神经元的活动显着减少,在脑温低的情况下,许多神经元可能很少在火炬中触发。尽管如此,仍有令人信服的证据表明,至少在适当的刺激下,特定区域保持了其在深部热风中产生动作电位的能力。这些区域包括外围系统和主要中心区域。但是,需要进一步的神经元活动实验,以更精确地确定温度对特定细胞类型和特定脑核中神经元活动的影响。尽管如此,仍有令人信服的证据表明,至少在适当的刺激下,特定区域保持了其在深部热风中产生动作电位的能力。这些区域包括外围系统和主要中心区域。但是,需要进一步的神经元活动实验,以更精确地确定温度对特定细胞类型和特定脑核中神经元活动的影响。尽管如此,仍有令人信服的证据表明,至少在适当的刺激下,特定区域保持了其在深部热风中产生动作电位的能力。这些区域包括外围系统和主要中心区域。但是,需要进一步的神经元活动实验,以更精确地确定温度对特定细胞类型和特定脑核中神经元活动的影响。
更新日期:2019-11-01
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