Brazilian Journal of Physical Therapy ( IF 3.4 ) Pub Date : 2018-11-22 , DOI: 10.1016/j.bjpt.2018.11.011 Robin M Daly 1 , Jack Dalla Via 1 , Rachel L Duckham 2 , Steve F Fraser 1 , Eva Wulff Helge 3
Background
Osteoporosis and related fragility fractures are a global public health problem in which pharmaceutical agents targeting bone mineral density (BMD) are the first line of treatment. However, pharmaceuticals have no effect on improving other key fracture risk factors, including low muscle strength, power and functional capacity, all of which are associated with an increased risk for falls and fracture, independent of BMD. Targeted exercise training is the only strategy that can simultaneously improve multiple skeletal and fall-related risk factors, but it must be appropriately prescribed and tailored to the desired outcome(s) and the specified target group.
Objectives
In this review, we provide an overview of the general principles of training and specific loading characteristics underlying current exercise guidelines for the prevention of osteoporosis, and an update on the latest scientific evidence with regard to the type and dose of exercise shown to positively influence bone mass, structure and strength and reduce fracture risk in postmenopausal women.
中文翻译:
预防绝经后妇女骨质疏松症的运动:最佳处方的循证指南。
背景
骨质疏松症和相关的脆性骨折是一个全球性的公共卫生问题,其中针对骨矿物质密度(BMD)的药物是治疗的第一线。但是,药物对改善其他关键的骨折危险因素没有影响,包括低肌肉力量,力量和功能能力,所有这些都与跌倒和骨折的风险增加相关,而与BMD无关。有针对性的运动训练是可以同时改善多种骨骼和摔倒相关危险因素的唯一策略,但是必须适当地制定处方并针对预期结果和特定目标人群进行调整。
目标
在这篇综述中,我们概述了预防骨质疏松症的现行锻炼准则所应遵循的一般训练原则和特定负荷特征,并提供了有关可对骨骼产生积极影响的运动类型和剂量的最新科学证据质量,结构和强度,并降低绝经后妇女的骨折风险。