In this article, we analyze the impacts of climate change on Antarctic marine ecosystems. Observations demonstrate large-scale changes in the physical variables and circulation of the Southern Ocean driven by warming, stratospheric ozone depletion, and a positive Southern Annular Mode. Alterations in the physical environment are driving change through all levels of Antarctic marine food webs, which differ regionally. The distributions of key species, such as Antarctic krill, are also changing. Differential responses among predators reflect differences in species ecology. The impacts of climate change on Antarctic biodiversity will likely vary for different communities and depend on species range. Coastal communities and those of sub-Antarctic islands, especially range-restricted endemic communities, will likely suffer the greatest negative consequences of climate change. Simultaneously, ecosystem services in the Southern Ocean will likely increase. Such decoupling of ecosystem services and endemic species will require consideration in the management of human activities such as fishing in Antarctic marine ecosystems.

中文翻译：

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南极期货：对南大洋气候驱动的生态系统结构，功能和服务提供变化的评估。

在本文中，我们分析了气候变化对南极海洋生态系统的影响。观测结果表明，由于变暖，平流层臭氧耗竭和正南环空模式的驱动，南大洋的物理变量和环流发生了大规模变化。物理环境的变化正在通过南极海洋食物网的各个层次推动变化，这些网络在地区上有所不同。诸如南极磷虾等关键物种的分布也在变化。捕食者之间的差异反应反映了物种生态的差异。气候变化对南极生物多样性的影响可能因不同社区而异，并取决于物种范围。沿海社区和南极洲以下岛屿的社区，尤其是范围受限的地方性社区，将可能遭受气候变化的最大负面影响。同时，南大洋的生态系统服务可能会增加。生态系统服务和特有物种之间的这种脱钩将需要在人类活动的管理中加以考虑，例如在南极海洋生态系统中捕鱼。