Social avoidance is a common component of neuropsychiatric disorders that confers substantial functional impairment. An unbiased approach to identify brain regions and neuronal circuits that regulate social avoidance might enable development of novel therapeutics. However, most paradigms that alter social avoidance are irreversible and accompanied by multiple behavioral confounds. Here we report a straightforward behavioral paradigm in male mice enabling the reversible induction of social avoidance or approach with temporal control. C57BL/6J mice repeatedly participated in both negative and positive social experiences. Negative social experience was induced by brief social defeat by an aggressive male CD-1 mouse, while positive social experience was induced by exposure to a female mouse, each conducted daily for five days. Each social experience valence was conducted in a specific odorant context (i.e. negative experience in odorant A, positive experience in odorant B). Odorants were equally preferred pre-conditioning. However, after conditioning, mice sniffed positive experience-paired odorants more than negative experience-paired odorants. Furthermore, positive- or negative-conditioned odorant contexts increased or decreased, respectively, the approach behavior of conditioned mice toward conspecifics. Because individual mice undergo both positive and negative conditioning, this paradigm may be useful to examine neural representations of social approach or avoidance within the same subject.

中文翻译：

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通过雄性小鼠的嗅觉调节诱导可逆的双向社交方式偏向。

避免社交是神经精神障碍的常见组成部分，可导致严重的功能障碍。一种无偏见的方法来识别调节社交回避的大脑区域和神经元回路可能会促进新疗法的发展。但是，大多数改变社会回避的范例都是不可逆的，并伴有多种行为混淆。在这里，我们报告了一种在雄性小鼠中的简单行为范例，可逆地诱导社会回避或采用时间控制的方法。C57BL / 6J小鼠反复参与了负面和正面的社交体验。积极的雄性CD-1小鼠短暂的社交失败会导致负面的社交经历，而雌性小鼠的暴露则导致积极的社交经历，每只小鼠每天进行五天。每个社会经验价都是在特定的气味环境中进行的（即，在气味A中的负面经验，在气味B中的正面经验）。气味同样是优选的预处理。但是，经过调理后，小鼠嗅到的是经验配对的增味剂，而不是阴性的经验配对的增香剂。此外，正向或负向条件的加味剂环境分别增加或降低了条件小鼠向同种体的接近行为。因为个别小鼠都接受正向和负向条件调节，所以这种范例对于检查同一对象内社交方式或回避方式的神经表示可能有用。但是，经过调理后，小鼠嗅到的是经验配对的增味剂，而不是阴性的经验配对的增香剂。此外，正向或负向条件的加味剂环境分别增加或降低了条件小鼠向同种体的接近行为。因为个别小鼠都接受正向和负向条件调节，所以这种范例对于检查同一对象内社交方式或回避方式的神经表示可能有用。但是，经过调理后，小鼠嗅到的是经验配对的增味剂，而不是阴性的经验配对的增香剂。此外，正向或负向条件的加味剂环境分别增加或降低了条件小鼠向同种体的接近行为。因为个别小鼠都接受正向和负向条件调节，所以这种范例对于检查同一对象内社交方式或回避方式的神经表示可能有用。