A major burden of the healthcare system resides in providing proper medical treatment for all types of chronic wounds, which are usually treated with dressings to induce a faster regeneration. Hence, to reduce healing time and improve the patient’s quality of life, it is extremely important to select the most appropriate constituent material for a specific wound dressing. A wide range of wound dressings exist but their mechanisms of action are poorly explored, especially concerning the immunomodulatory effects that occur from the interactions between immune cells and the biomaterial. Tissue-resident and monocyte-derived recruited macrophages are key regulators of wound repair. These phagocytic immune cells exert specific functions during the different stages of wound healing. The recognition of the substantial role of macrophages in the outcome of the wound healing process requires specific understanding of the immunomodulatory effects of commercially available or newly developed wound dressings. For a precise intervention, it is necessary to obtain more knowledge on macrophage polarization in different phases of wound healing in the presence of the dressings. The main purpose of this review is to collect clinical cases in which macrophage immunomodulation was taken into consideration as an indicator of the performances of novel or mainstream wound dressing materials, including those provided with antimicrobial properties.

中文翻译：

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巨噬细胞免疫调节：评估伤口敷料生物材料性能不可或缺的工具

医疗保健系统的一个主要负担在于为所有类型的慢性伤口提供适当的医疗，这些伤口通常用敷料进行治疗以促进更快的再生。因此，为了缩短愈合时间并提高患者的生活质量，为特定的伤口敷料选择最合适的构成材料极为重要。存在多种伤口敷料，但对它们的作用机制研究甚少，尤其是关于免疫细胞与生物材料之间相互作用产生的免疫调节作用。组织驻留和单核细胞衍生的募集巨噬细胞是伤口修复的关键调节剂。这些吞噬免疫细胞在伤口愈合的不同阶段发挥特定的功能。认识到巨噬细胞在伤口愈合过程中的重要作用需要对市售或新开发的伤口敷料的免疫调节作用有具体的了解。为了进行精确的干预，有必要在敷料存在的情况下获得更多关于伤口愈合不同阶段巨噬细胞极化的知识。本综述的主要目的是收集将巨噬细胞免疫调节作为新型或主流伤口敷料材料（包括具有抗菌特性的材料）性能指标的临床案例。有必要获得更多关于在敷料存在下伤口愈合不同阶段巨噬细胞极化的知识。本综述的主要目的是收集将巨噬细胞免疫调节作为新型或主流伤口敷料材料（包括具有抗菌特性的材料）性能指标的临床案例。有必要获得更多关于在敷料存在下伤口愈合不同阶段巨噬细胞极化的知识。本综述的主要目的是收集将巨噬细胞免疫调节作为新型或主流伤口敷料材料（包括具有抗菌特性的材料）性能指标的临床案例。