OBJECTIVE This study used a mixed method, prospective, multi-informant design to (a) identify coping strategies used by youth residing in urban poverty and (b) test whether these coping strategies buffer the effects of stress exposure when adult support is present and when absent. METHOD There were 286 youth ages 10 to 16 (mean age at Time 1 = 13; 65% female; 34% male; 1% not identified; 46% African American; 25% Latino; 11% European American; 8% Asian American, 4% Mixed/Biracial, 6% Other) and their parents who participated. Thematic analyses were used to code adolescent interviews about protective factors to identify specific coping strategies used. Hierarchical regression analyses tested whether these coping strategies moderate the association between stress exposure and psychological symptoms for youth with and without adult support. RESULTS Youth identified multiple coping strategies as protective including Expressing Oneself, Self-Soothing, Seeking Help, Seeking Safety, Distraction, Problem-Solving, Self-Care, and Avoidance. A number of these coping strategies (Expressing Oneself, Self-Soothing, Seeking Help, and Seeking Safety) attenuated the association between stressors and psychological symptoms over time for youth with adult support. For youth without adult support, a number of the strategies they identified as protective (Distraction, Problem-Solving, and Self-Care) accentuated the association between stress exposure and psychological symptoms over time. The only strategy that proved protective for youth without adult support was avoidance. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that youth require adult support to effectively make use of a range of coping strategies and that avoidance is the sole effective strategy for youth without support. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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在城市贫困的背景下，社会支持对青少年应对的影响。

目的这项研究采用了一种混合方法，前瞻性，多信息设计，以（a）确定居住在城市贫困中的青年所使用的应对策略，并（b）测试在存在成人支持时以及何时存在这些应对策略是否能缓解压力暴露的影响缺席。方法共有286个10至16岁的青年（时间1的平均年龄= 13；女性65％；男性34％； 1％未确定； 46％的非洲裔美国人； 25％的拉丁裔； 11％的欧洲裔美国人； 8％的亚裔美国人， 4％混血/混血儿，6％其他）和参加活动的父母。主题分析用于编写有关保护因素的青少年访谈的代码，以识别所使用的特定应对策略。分层回归分析测试了这些应对策略是否可以缓解有或没有成年人支持的年轻人的压力暴露与心理症状之间的联系。结果青年确定了多种应对策略可作为保护措施，包括自我表达，自我安慰，寻求帮助，寻求安全，分散注意力，解决问题，自我护理和回避。这些应对策略中的许多策略（表现自我，自我安慰，寻求帮助和寻求安全）随着时间的推移减弱了成年后支持者对压力源和心理症状之间的联系。对于没有成年人支持的年轻人，他们确定的一些保护性策略（分心，解决问题和自我护理）会随着时间的流逝而加剧压力暴露与心理症状之间的联系。事实证明，在没有成人支持的情况下对青年人具有保护作用的唯一策略是回避。结论研究结果表明，青年需要成年人的支持才能有效地利用一系列应对策略，而回避是没有支持的青年的唯一有效策略。（PsycInfo数据库记录（c）2020 APA，保留所有权利）。