Perineuronal oligodendrocytes (pn-Ols) are located in the cerebral gray matter in close proximity to neuronal perikarya and less frequently near dendrites and neurites. Although their morphology is indistinguishable from that of other oligodendrocytes, it is not known if pn-Ols have a similar or different cell signature from that of typical myelinating oligodendroglial cells. In this review, we discussed the potential roles of these cells in myelination under normal and pathophysiologic conditions as functional and nutritional supporters of neurons, as restrainers of neuronal firing, and as possible players in glutamate-glutamine homeostasis. We also highlighted the occurrences in which perineuronal oligodendroglia are altered, such as in experimental demyelination, multiple sclerosis, cerebral ischemia, epilepsy, Alzheimer’s disease, schizophrenia, major depression, and bipolar disorder.

中文翻译：

---

健康和疾病中的神经元周围少突胶质细胞：到目前为止的旅程

神经元周围少突胶质细胞 (pn-Ols) 位于大脑灰质中，靠近神经元核周，而较少靠近树突和神经突。尽管它们的形态与其他少突胶质细胞无法区分，但尚不清楚 pn-Ols 是否具有与典型的有髓鞘少突胶质细胞相似或不同的细胞特征。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了这些细胞在正常和病理生理条件下作为神经元的功能和营养支持者、神经元放电的抑制剂以及谷氨酸-谷氨酰胺稳态的可能参与者在髓鞘形成中的潜在作用。我们还强调了神经周围少突胶质细胞发生改变的情况，例如实验性脱髓鞘、多发性硬化、脑缺血、癫痫、阿尔茨海默病、