To remember what one did yesterday is an example of an everyday episodic memory task, in which a female advantage has sometimes been reported. Here, we quantify the impact of sex on episodic memory performance and investigate whether the magnitude of the sex difference is modified by study-, task-, and sample-specific moderators. Analyses were based on 617 studies conducted between 1973 and 2013 with 1,233,921 participants. A 5-level random-effects meta-analysis showed an overall female advantage in episodic memory (g = 0.19, 95% CI [0.17, 0.21]). The material to be remembered affected the magnitude of this advantage, with a female advantage for more verbal tasks, such as words, sentences, and prose (g = 0.28, 95% CI [0.25, 0.30]), nameable images (g = 0.16, 95% CI [0.11, 0.22]), and locations (g = 0.16, 95% CI [0.11, 0.21]), and a male advantage in more spatial tasks, such as abstract images (g = -0.20, 95% CI [-0.35, -0.05]) and routes (g = -0.24, 95% CI [-0.35, -0.12]). Furthermore, there was a female advantage for materials that cannot easily be placed along the verbal-spatial continuum, such as faces (g = 0.26, 95% CI [0.20, 0.33]), and odor, taste, and color (g = 0.37, 95% CI [0.18, 0.55]). These differences have remained stable since 1973. For verbal episodic memory tasks, differences were larger in Europe, North America, Oceania, and South America than in Asia, and smaller in childhood and old age than for other ages. Taken together, results suggest that men may use their spatial advantage in spatially demanding episodic memory tasks, whereas women do well in episodic memory tasks that are verbalizable and tasks that are neither verbal nor spatial, such as remembering faces and odors/tastes/colors. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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你昨天做了什么？对情节记忆中性别差异的荟萃分析。

记得昨天所做的事是日常情节记忆任务的一个例子，其中有时报告有女性优势。在这里，我们量化性别对情景记忆性能的影响，并研究性别差异的幅度是否由研究，任务和样本特定的主持人修改。分析基于1973年至2013年之间进行的617项研究，共有1,233,921名参与者。5级随机效应荟萃分析显示，女性在情节记忆方面具有整体优势（g = 0.19，95％CI [0.17，0.21]）。要记住的材料影响了这一优势的程度，女性优势则是更多口头任务，例如单词，句子和散文（g = 0.28，95％CI [0.25，0.30]），可命名图像（g = 0.16） ，95％CI [0.11，0.22]）和位置（g = 0.16，95％CI [0.11，0.21]），在更多空间任务中具有男性优势，例如抽象图像（g = -0.20，95％CI [-0.35，-0.05]）和路线（g = -0.24，95％CI [-0.35，-0.12]）。此外，对于那些不容易沿言语空间连续体放置的材料（例如脸部（g = 0.26，95％CI [0.20，0.33]）以及气味，味道和颜色（g = 0.37），还有一个女性优势。 ，95％CI [0.18，0.55]。自1973年以来，这些差异一直保持稳定。就口头情节记忆任务而言，欧洲，北美，大洋洲和南美的差异大于亚洲，而儿童和老年的差异则小于其他年龄。两者合计，结果表明，男性可能会在空间要求苛刻的情景记忆任务中利用其空间优势，而女性在可口述的情景记忆任务和非言语或空间任务中都表现出色，例如记住面孔和气味/味道/颜色。（PsycINFO数据库记录（c）2019 APA，保留所有权利）。