Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF1) and anti-aromatase synergistically increase the rate and stability of female-to-male sex reversal as well as pre- and postnatal weight gains in hatched chickens. This study aimed at assessing gene expression profiles of chicken embryos treated with IGF1 and fadrozole. Day 3.5 fertile eggs were in ovo injected with one of IGF1, fadrozole anti-aromatase, combined IGF1 and fadrozole, or sham injection. The expression profile was studied on day 6 and day 11 of the embryonic development following gonadal differentiation. On day 6 of embryonic development, simultaneous injection of IGF1 and fadrozole significantly upregulated the expression of RSPO1, AMH, and SOX9 in genetically female embryos compared to single injections and control groups. Also, a higher expression of ESR1 and BMP4 was observed in genetically male embryos on day 6 compared to the control group. In day 11 embryos, a higher expression of BMP4 was detected in both males and females of the IGF1 and fadrozole-administered group compared to the sham injection cohort. In conclusion, the results of this study indicate that combined effects of IGF1 and fadrozole induce female-to-male sex reversal by increasing the expression of testis developmental factors rather than attenuating ovary developmental factors.

中文翻译：

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IGF1和Fadrozole共同处理上调鸡胚胎中RSPO1、SOX9和AMH的表达

胰岛素样生长因子 1 (IGF1) 和抗芳香酶协同增加雌雄性别逆转的速度和稳定性，以及孵化鸡的产前和产后体重增加。本研究旨在评估用 IGF1 和 fadrozole 处理的鸡胚胎的基因表达谱。第 3.5 天的受精卵在卵内注射 IGF1、fadrozole 抗芳香酶、IGF1 和 fadrozole 组合中的一种，或假注射。在性腺分化后胚胎发育的第 6 天和第 11 天研究表达谱。在胚胎发育的第 6 天，与单次注射和对照组相比，同时注射 IGF1 和 fadrozole 显着上调了遗传雌性胚胎中 RSPO1、AMH 和 SOX9 的表达。还，与对照组相比，在第 6 天的基因雄性胚胎中观察到更高的 ESR1 和 BMP4 表达。在第 11 天的胚胎中，与假注射组相比，在 IGF1 和法屈唑给药组的男性和女性中检测到更高的 BMP4 表达。总之，这项研究的结果表明，IGF1 和法卓唑的联合作用通过增加睾丸发育因子的表达而不是减弱卵巢发育因子来诱导女性到男性的性别逆转。