Pathogen resistance and development costs are major challenges in current approaches to antiviral therapy. The high error rate of RNA synthesis and reverse-transcription confers genome plasticity, enabling the remarkable adaptability of RNA viruses to antiviral intervention. However, this property is coupled to fundamental constraints including limits on the size of information available to manipulate complex hosts into supporting viral replication. Accordingly, RNA viruses employ various means to extract maximum utility from their informationally limited genomes that, correspondingly, may be leveraged for effective host-oriented therapies. Host-oriented approaches are becoming increasingly feasible because of increased availability of bioactive compounds and recent advances in immunotherapy and precision medicine, particularly genome editing, targeted delivery methods and RNAi. In turn, one driving force behind these innovations is the increasingly detailed understanding of evolutionarily diverse host-virus interactions, which is the key concern of an emerging field, neo-virology. This review examines biotechnological solutions to disease and other sustainability issues of our time that leverage the properties of RNA and DNA viruses as developed through co-evolution with their hosts.

中文翻译：

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在抗病毒治疗和免疫治疗中利用宿主病毒的进化。

病原体耐药性和开发成本是当前抗病毒治疗方法的主要挑战。RNA合成和逆转录的高错误率赋予基因组可塑性，从而使RNA病毒对抗病毒干预具有显着的适应性。但是，此属性与基本约束相关，包括对可用于操纵复杂宿主以支持病毒复制的信息大小的限制。因此，RNA病毒采用各种手段从其信息受限的基因组中提取最大的效用，相应地，可以利用这些手段进行有效的面向宿主的疗法。由于生物活性化合物的可用性增加以及免疫疗法和精密医学（尤其是基因组编辑）的最新发展，面向宿主的方法正变得越来越可行。靶向递送方法和RNAi。反过来，这些创新背后的推动力是对进化上多样化的宿主病毒相互作用的越来越详细的了解，这是新兴领域新病毒学的主要关注点。这篇综述探讨了利用与宿主共同进化而发展起来的RNA和DNA病毒的特性，解决当今疾病和其他可持续性问题的生物技术解决方案。