Regenerative therapies for bone and cartilage injuries are currently unable to replicate the complex microenvironment of native tissue. There are many tissue engineering approaches attempting to address this issue through the use of synthetic materials. Although synthetic materials can be modified to simulate the mechanical and biochemical properties of the cell microenvironment, they do not mimic in full the multitude of interactions that take place within tissue. Decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) has been established as a biomaterial that preserves a tissue's native environment, promotes cell proliferation, and provides cues for cell differentiation. The potential of dECM as a therapeutic agent is rising, but there are many limitations of dECM restricting its use. This review discusses the recent progress in the utilization of bone and cartilage dECM through applications as scaffolds, particles, and supplementary factors in bone and cartilage tissue engineering.

中文翻译：

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脱细胞细胞外基质在骨和软骨组织工程中的应用。

骨和软骨损伤的再生疗法目前无法复制天然组织的复杂微环境。有许多组织工程方法试图通过使用合成材料来解决这个问题。尽管可以修改合成材料来模拟细胞微环境的机械和生化特性，但它们并不能完全模拟组织内发生的多种相互作用。脱细胞细胞外基质（dECM）已被确立为一种生物材料，可以保护组织的天然环境、促进细胞增殖并为细胞分化提供线索。dECM 作为治疗剂的潜力正在上升，但 dECM 存在许多限制限制其使用。本综述讨论了骨和软骨 dECM 在骨和软骨组织工程中作为支架、颗粒和补充因子的应用的最新进展。