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Biosocial Conservation: Integrating Biological and Ethnographic Methods to Study Human–Primate Interactions
International Journal of Primatology ( IF 2.5 ) Pub Date : 2016-12-17 , DOI: 10.1007/s10764-016-9938-5
Joanna M Setchell 1, 2 , Emilie Fairet 1, 3 , Kathryn Shutt 1, 4 , Siân Waters 1, 5 , Sandra Bell 1
Affiliation  

Biodiversity conservation is one of the grand challenges facing society. Many people interested in biodiversity conservation have a background in wildlife biology. However, the diverse social, cultural, political, and historical factors that influence the lives of people and wildlife can be investigated fully only by incorporating social science methods, ideally within an interdisciplinary framework. Cultural hierarchies of knowledge and the hegemony of the natural sciences create a barrier to interdisciplinary understandings. Here, we review three different projects that confront this difficulty, integrating biological and ethnographic methods to study conservation problems. The first project involved wildlife foraging on crops around a newly established national park in Gabon. Biological methods revealed the extent of crop loss, the species responsible, and an effect of field isolation, while ethnography revealed institutional and social vulnerability to foraging wildlife. The second project concerned great ape tourism in the Central African Republic. Biological methods revealed that gorilla tourism poses risks to gorillas, while ethnography revealed why people seek close proximity to gorillas. The third project focused on humans and other primates living alongside one another in Morocco. Incorporating shepherds in the coproduction of ecological knowledge about primates built trust and altered attitudes to the primates. These three case studies demonstrate how the integration of biological and social methods can help us to understand the sustainability of human–wildlife interactions, and thus promote coexistence. In each case, an integrated biosocial approach incorporating ethnographic data produced results that would not otherwise have come to light. Research that transcends conventional academic boundaries requires the openness and flexibility to move beyond one’s comfort zone to understand and acknowledge the legitimacy of “other” kinds of knowledge. It is challenging but crucial if we are to address conservation problems effectively.

中文翻译:

生物社会保护:整合生物学和人种学方法来研究人与灵长类动物的相互作用

生物多样性保护是社会面临的重大挑战之一。许多对生物多样性保护感兴趣的人都有野生动物生物学背景。然而,影响人类和野生动物生活的各种社会、文化、政治和历史因素只能通过结合社会科学方法,最好是在跨学科框架内进行充分调查。知识的文化等级和自然科学的霸权为跨学科理解创造了障碍。在这里,我们回顾了三个面临这一困难的不同项目,它们结合了生物学和人种学方法来研究保护问题。第一个项目涉及野生动物在加蓬新建的国家公园周围的农作物上觅食。生物方法揭示了作物损失的程度,负责的物种,以及野外隔离的影响,而民族志揭示了机构和社会对觅食野生动物的脆弱性。第二个项目涉及中非共和国的类人猿旅游。生物学方法表明,大猩猩旅游会给大猩猩带来风险,而人种学则揭示了人们为什么要靠近大猩猩。第三个项目的重点是在摩洛哥并肩生活的人类和其他灵长类动物。将牧羊人纳入有关灵长类动物的生态知识的共同生产中,可以建立信任并改变对灵长类动物的态度。这三个案例研究展示了生物和社会方法的整合如何帮助我们理解人类与野生动物互动的可持续性,从而促进共存。在每种情况下,结合人种学数据的综合生物社会方法产生了原本不会曝光的结果。超越传统学术界限的研究需要开放性和灵活性,以超越自己的舒适区,以理解和承认“其他”知识的合法性。如果我们要有效地解决保护问题,这是具有挑战性但至关重要的。
更新日期:2016-12-17
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