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An expected cost model of eyewitness identification.
Law and Human Behavior ( IF 3.870 ) Pub Date : 2019-06-01 , DOI: 10.1037/lhb0000331
Yueran Yang 1 , Laura Smalarz 1 , Sarah A Moody 2 , Jean J Cabell 2 , Christopher J Copp 2
Affiliation  

This article presents an expected cost model for evaluating and comparing the performance of eyewitness identification procedures. The model estimates the expected cost of an identification procedure in order to quantify how well the procedure helps the police achieve the investigation goal of identifying and incriminating the culprit. We first apply the expected cost model to analyze five major procedural reforms, including showups versus lineups, filler similarity, administrator influence, lineup instruction, and presentation format. Our analysis reveals that when there is a trade-off between accurate and mistaken identifications, conclusions about procedural superiority depend on the prior probability of guilt and relative costs of different identification outcomes. We then conduct an additional analysis based on a simultaneous consideration of all identification outcomes (i.e., suspect identifications, filler identifications, and rejections). Our analysis shows that assuming different costs for filler identifications and rejections can change conclusions about procedural superiority. We conclude by discussing insights provided by the expected cost model regarding how the legal system can reduce expected costs of eyewitness identification-by changing the conditional probabilities, by reducing the costs of identification outcomes, or by increasing the prior probability of guilt. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译:

目击者识别的预期成本模型。

本文提出了一种预期成本模型,用于评估和比较目击者识别程序的性能。该模型估计身份验证程序的预期成本,以便量化该程序如何帮助警察实现识别和定罪的调查目标。我们首先应用预期成本模型来分析五项主要的程序改革,包括展示与阵容,填充者相似性,管理员影响力,阵容说明和演示格式。我们的分析表明,在准确和错误的识别之间进行权衡时,关于程序优势的结论取决于有罪的先验概率和不同识别结果的相对成本。然后,我们在同时考虑所有识别结果(即,可疑识别,填充物识别和拒绝)的基础上进行附加分析。我们的分析表明,假设不同的填料识别和剔除成本可以改变有关程序优势的结论。最后,我们讨论了预期成本模型提供的关于法律体系如何通过更改条件概率,减少标识结果的成本或增加先犯有罪的可能性来减少目击证人鉴定的预期成本的见解。(PsycINFO数据库记录(c)2019 APA,保留所有权利)。我们的分析表明,假设不同的填料识别和剔除成本可以改变有关程序优势的结论。最后,我们讨论了预期成本模型提供的关于法律体系如何通过更改条件概率,减少标识结果的成本或增加先犯有罪的可能性来减少目击证人鉴定的预期成本的见解。(PsycINFO数据库记录(c)2019 APA,保留所有权利)。我们的分析表明,假设不同的填料识别和剔除成本可以改变有关程序优势的结论。最后,我们讨论了预期成本模型提供的关于法律体系如何通过更改条件概率,减少标识结果的成本或增加先犯有罪的可能性来减少目击证人鉴定的预期成本的见解。(PsycINFO数据库记录(c)2019 APA,保留所有权利)。或通过增加先犯的可能性。(PsycINFO数据库记录(c)2019 APA,保留所有权利)。或通过增加先犯的可能性。(PsycINFO数据库记录(c)2019 APA,保留所有权利)。
更新日期:2019-06-01
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