Background

Gastric cancer (GC) is the first leading cause of cancer-related deaths in Iran. GC is a multifactorial disease and is caused by the interaction of genetic and environmental factors. The aim of this study was to assess the exposure and risk of nitrate intake through fruits and vegetables (F&V) in high-risk area (HRA) and low-risk area (LRA) of GC in Iran.

Methods

Twenty nine species of F&V were examined for nitrate by reverse-phase HPLC (RP-HPLC) method. Food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) data of 2000 adults participating in Persian cohort were applied to determine consumption patterns of F&V in those areas. A point-estimate daily intake was applied to compare two areas in terms of nitrate intake. Monte-Carlo simulation technique was applied to estimate chronic daily intake (CDI) of nitrate.

Results

The results showed that point-estimate daily intake of nitrate for subjects participated in the study was 2.02 ± 1.02 mg kg⁻¹ day⁻¹ in HRA and 1.98 ± 1.05 mg kg⁻¹ day⁻¹ in LRA. 6.53% of the participants in the HRA, and 5.9% of the participants in the LRA had an unacceptable point-estimate daily intake compared with an acceptable limit of 3.7 mg kg⁻¹ day⁻¹ established by FAO/WHO. CDI of nitrate in HRA was 1.94 ± 0.95 mg kg⁻¹ day⁻¹ and in the LRA was 1.93 ± 1.06 mg kg⁻¹ day⁻¹.

Conclusion

The results showed that there is no difference between HRA and LRA in terms of nitrate intake through F&V.

中文翻译：

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胃癌高风险和低风险地区通过水果和蔬菜摄入硝酸盐的监测和暴露评估。

背景

胃癌 (GC) 是伊朗癌症相关死亡的首要原因。GC是一种多因素疾病，是由遗传和环境因素相互作用引起的。本研究的目的是评估伊朗 GC 高风险区 (HRA) 和低风险区 (LRA) 通过水果和蔬菜 (F&V) 摄入硝酸盐的暴露和风险。

方法

通过反相 HPLC (RP-HPLC) 方法检测了 29 种 F&V 的硝酸盐。应用参与波斯队列的 2000 名成年人的食物频率问卷 (FFQ) 数据来确定这些地区的 F&V 消费模式。应用点估计每日摄入量来比较两个区域的硝酸盐摄入量。蒙特卡罗模拟技术被用于估算硝酸盐的长期每日摄入量 (CDI)。

结果

结果显示，参与研究的受试者每日硝酸盐的点估计摄入量在 HRA 为 2.02 ± 1.02 mg kg ^-1  day ^-1 ，在 LRA为 1.98 ± 1.05 mg kg ^-1  day ^-1。6.53% 的 HRA 参与者和 5.9% 的 LRA 参与者的每日点估计摄入量不可接受，而粮农组织/世卫组织制定的可接受限度为 3.7 mg kg ^-1  day ^{-1 。}HRA 中硝酸盐的 CDI 为 1.94 ± 0.95 mg kg ^-1  day ^-1，LRA 为 1.93 ± 1.06 mg kg ^-1  day ^-1。

结论

结果表明，在通过 F&V 摄入的硝酸盐方面，HRA 和 LRA 之间没有差异。