The purpose of this review is to assess the state-of-the-art fabrication methods, advances in genome editing, and the use of machine learning to shape the prospective growth in cardiac tissue engineering. Those interdisciplinary emerging innovations would move forward basic research in this field and their clinical applications. The long-entrenched challenges in this field could be addressed by novel 3-dimensional (3D) scaffold substrates for cardiomyocyte (CM) growth and maturation. Stem cell-based therapy through genome editing techniques can repair gene mutation, control better maturation of CMs or even reveal its molecular clock. Finally, machine learning and precision control for improvements of the construct fabrication process and optimization in tissue-specific clonal selections with an outlook of cardiac tissue engineering are also presented.

中文翻译：

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心脏组织工程：最先进的方法和前景。

本次综述的目的是评估最先进的制造方法、基因组编辑的进展以及利用机器学习来塑造心脏组织工程的预期增长。这些跨学科的新兴创新将推动该领域的基础研究及其临床应用。该领域长期存在的挑战可以通过用于心肌细胞（CM）生长和成熟的新型3维（3D）支架基质来解决。通过基因组编辑技术进行的基于干细胞的治疗可以修复基因突变，更好地控制 CM 的成熟，甚至揭示其分子时钟。最后，还提出了机器学习和精确控制，以改进构建制造过程和优化组织特异性克隆选择，并展望心脏组织工程。