Parkinson disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative movement disorder. Pharmacological animal models are invaluable tools to study the pathological mechanisms of PD. Currently, invertebrate and vertebrate animal models have been developed by using several main neurotoxins, such as 6-hydroxydopamine, 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine, paraquat, and rotenone. These models achieve to some extent to reproduce the key features of PD, including motor defects, progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra pars compacta, and the formation of Lewy bodies. In this review, we will highlight the pathogenic mechanisms of those neurotoxins and summarize different neurotoxic animal models with the hope to help researchers choose among them accurately and to promote the development of modeling PD.

中文翻译：

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神经毒素诱发的帕金森病动物模型：致病机理和评估。

帕金森病（PD）是第二常见的神经退行性运动障碍。药理动物模型是研究PD病理机制的宝贵工具。当前，已经通过使用几种主要的神经毒素，例如6-羟基多巴胺，1-甲基-4-苯基-1,2,3,6-四氢吡啶，百草枯和鱼藤酮开发了无脊椎动物和脊椎动物模型。这些模型在一定程度上可以重现PD的关键特征，包括运动缺陷，黑质致密部中多巴胺能神经元的进行性丧失以及路易小体的形成。在这篇综述中，我们将重点介绍这些神经毒素的致病机制，并总结不同的神经毒性动物模型，以帮助研究人员准确地选择它们并促进PD模型的发展。