Introduction: Inflammation is integral in the neuropathology of both chronic and acute neurological disorders. Knowing the inflammatory profile is important for clarification of disease mechanisms, diagnostic purposes, and ultimately treatment options.

Areas covered: A systematic review was performed on literature from PubMed using the search terms ‘Alzheimer’s disease’ (AD) or ”multiple sclerosis” (MS) or ”ischemic stroke” and ‘proteomics’. Inflammatory proteins were assessed in blood, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and post-mortem brain tissue. Regulated inflammatory proteins across compartments and disorders mainly consisted of innate immune proteins, acute phase proteins and oxidative stress response proteins. In addition, immunoglobulin chains were signature proteins of MS, reflecting additional involvement of adaptive immunity. The Chitinase 3-like protein 1 was increased in ten original articles on MS and in three on AD supporting its implication in these diseases. Furthermore, CNS/CSF AD inflammatory proteins were matched to a CNS myeloid cell proteome implicating Alpha-2-Macroglobulin and Annexin A1 in AD pathogenesis.

Expert opinion: Proteomics is an excellent technique for profiling inflammatory proteins in tissues and cells, but still targeted approaches are required for profiling of very low abundance proteins and peptides. Knowing the inflammatory signature of brain tissue, CSF, blood, and CNS myeloid cells holds the potential to point to novel mechanistic aspects of neurological diseases.

简介：炎症在慢性和急性神经系统疾病的神经病理学中都是不可或缺的。了解炎症状况对于阐明疾病机制，诊断目的以及最终治疗选择非常重要。

覆盖区域：使用搜索词“阿尔茨海默氏病”（AD）或“多发性硬化症”（MS）或“缺血性中风”和“蛋白质组学”对PubMed的文献进行了系统的综述。在血液，脑脊液（CSF）和验尸后的脑组织中评估了炎症蛋白。跨区室和障碍的调节性炎症蛋白主要由先天免疫蛋白，急性期蛋白和氧化应激反应蛋白组成。此外，免疫球蛋白链是MS的特征蛋白，反映了适应性免疫的其他参与。几丁质酶3样蛋白1在MS上的十篇原始文章中增加了，在AD上的三篇文章中增加了，证明其在这些疾病中的意义。此外，

专家意见：蛋白质组学是一种用于分析组织和细胞中炎性蛋白质的出色技术，但是仍然需要针对性的方法来分析极低丰度的蛋白质和肽。知道脑组织，脑脊液，血液和中枢神经系统髓样细胞的炎症特征，就有可能指出神经系统疾病的新机制。