Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a pathological state defined by increased pulmonary artery pressure, the pathogenesis of which is related to genetic mutations, intracellular calcium ([Ca²⁺]_i), inflammation and proliferation. Transient receptor potential vanilloid subfamily member 1 (TRPV1) is a nonselective cation channel expressed in neural and nonneural cells, including pulmonary vessels and nerves. As a calcium channel, TRPV1 can make vessels contracted, and promote smooth muscle cells proliferation through calcium-dependent transcription factors. Activation of TRPV1 in sensory nerves can release neuropeptides, including calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), substance P (SP), and somatostatin (SST), which can regulate inflammation via transcription factor NF-kB. Considering the increased level of [Ca²⁺]_i and inflammation in the pathogenesis of PH, our review summarizes the role of TRPV1 in PH with regard to [Ca²⁺]_i, neuropeptides, and inflammation. In view of the limited research illustrating the relationship between TRPV1 and PH directly, our review also considers the role of TRPV1 in other types of vascular inflammation. Through this review, we hope to raise awareness about the function of TRPV1 in PH.

肺动脉高压（PH）是一种由肺动脉压升高定义的病理状态，其发病机理与遗传突变，细胞内钙（[Ca ²⁺ ] _i），炎症和增殖。瞬态受体潜在的香草类亚家族成员1（TRPV1）是在神经和非神经细胞（包括肺血管和神经）中表达的非选择性阳离子通道。TRPV1作为钙通道，可以使血管收缩，并通过钙依赖性转录因子促进平滑肌细胞增殖。感觉神经中TRPV1的激活可以释放神经肽，包括降钙素基因相关肽（CGRP），P物质（SP）和生长抑素（SST），它们可以通过转录因子NF-kB调节炎症。考虑到[Ca ²⁺ ] _i的水平升高和炎症在PH的发病机理中，我们的综述总结了TRPV1在PH中对[Ca ²⁺ ] _i的作用，神经肽和炎症。鉴于有限的研究直接说明了TRPV1和PH之间的关系，我们的综述还考虑了TRPV1在其他类型的血管炎症中的作用。通过这次审查，我们希望提高人们对TRPV1在PH中功能的认识。