Exposure to Technologically Enhanced Naturally Occurring Nuclear Radioactive Material (TENORM) from oil and gas drilling and production activities can have effects on both the environment and workers involved in the industry. There is a significant lack of available information regarding dynamic modeling and risk assessment of TENORM occupational exposure in the oil and gas industry, and available studies show that workers in the field are at risk of being exposed to varying levels of radiation. This paper presents a methodology to bridge this knowledge gap by modeling workforce TENORM radiation exposure at different oil and gas operation stages. This was achieved by integrating SHIPP (System Hazard Identification, Prediction and Prevention) Methodology And Rational Theory (SMART approach). The SMART approach was applied to develop an integrated framework for TENORM occupational exposure risk assessment. Application of the proposed approach is illustrated with a scenario, and outcomes from modeling this scenario explain how system degraded as a function of safety barrier performance.

中文翻译：

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钻井和生产过程中TENORM暴露风险的动态建模。

石油和天然气钻探和生产活动中暴露于技术增强的自然产生的核放射性物质（TENORM）可能对环境和行业相关人员都有影响。石油和天然气行业中关于TENORM职业暴露的动态建模和风险评估的信息十分匮乏，现有研究表明，该领域的工人面临暴露于不同辐射水平的风险。本文提出了一种方法，可以通过对不同石油和天然气运营阶段的劳动力TENORM辐射暴露进行建模来弥合这一知识鸿沟。这是通过整合SHIPP（系统危害识别，预测和预防）方法论和理性理论（SMART方法）来实现的。应用SMART方法开发了TENORM职业暴露风险评估的综合框架。通过一个方案说明了所建议方法的应用，通过对该方案进行建模得到的结果说明了系统如何根据安全屏障性能而退化。