Background: Cryopreservation of human ovarian tissue has been increasingly applied worldwide to safeguard fertility in cancer patients, notably in young girls and women who cannot delay the onset of their treatment. Moreover, it has been proposed to patients with benign pathologies with a risk of premature ovarian insufficiency. So far, more than 130 live births have been reported after transplantation of cryopreserved ovarian tissue, and almost all patients recovered their ovarian function after tissue reimplantation. Summary: This review aims to summarize the recent results described in the literature regarding human ovarian tissue cryopreservation in terms of methods and main results obtained so far. To cryopreserve human ovarian tissue, most studies describe a slow freezing/rapid thawing protocol, which is usually an adaptation of a protocol developed for sheep ovarian tissue. Since freezing has been shown to have a deleterious effect on ovarian stroma and granulosa cells, various research groups have been vitrifying ovarian tissue. Despite promising results, only 2 babies have been born after transplantation of vitrified/warmed ovarian tissue. Optimization of both cryopreservation strategies as well as thawing/warming protocols is therefore necessary to improve the survival of follicles in cryopreserved ovarian tissue. Key Messages: Human ovarian tissue cryopreservation has been successfully applied worldwide to preserve fertility in patients with malignant or nonmalignant pathologies that have a detrimental effect on fertility. Human ovarian tissue cryopreservation could also be applied as an alternative to postpone pregnancy or menopause in healthy women. Slow freezing and vitrification procedures have been applied to cryopreserve human ovarian tissue, but both alternatives require optimization.

中文翻译：

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人类卵巢组织的冷冻保存：综述

背景：人类卵巢组织的冷冻保存在世界范围内越来越多地应用于保护癌症患者的生育能力，特别是在不能延迟治疗开始的年轻女孩和妇女中。此外，它已被建议用于具有卵巢早衰风险的良性病变患者。迄今为止，已报道冷冻保存卵巢组织移植后活产超过130例，几乎所有患者在组织再移植后恢复了卵巢功能。摘要：本综述旨在从方法和迄今为止获得的主要结果方面总结文献中描述的有关人类卵巢组织冷冻保存的最新结果。为了冷冻保存人类卵巢组织，大多数研究描述了缓慢冷冻/快速解冻方案，这通常是针对绵羊卵巢组织开发的协议的改编。由于冷冻已被证明对卵巢基质和颗粒细胞有有害影响，因此各个研究小组一直在对卵巢组织进行玻璃化处理。尽管取得了可喜的成果，但只有 2 名婴儿在移植玻璃化/加热的卵巢组织后出生。因此，有必要优化冷冻保存策略以及解冻/加温方案，以提高冷冻保存卵巢组织中卵泡的存活率。关键信息：人类卵巢组织冷冻保存已在世界范围内成功应用，以保存对生育能力有不利影响的恶性或非恶性病变患者的生育能力。人类卵巢组织冷冻保存也可以作为推迟健康女性怀孕或更年期的替代方法。慢速冷冻和玻璃化程序已应用于冷冻保存人类卵巢组织，但两种替代方法都需要优化。