Since the approval in 2017 and the outstanding success of Kymriah® and Yescarta®, the number of clinical trials investigating the safety and efficacy of chimeric antigen receptor-modified autologous T cells has been constantly rising. Currently, more than 200 clinical trials are listed on clinicaltrial.gov. In contrast to CAR-T cells, natural killer (NK) cells can be used from allogeneic donors as an “off the shelf product” and provide alternative candidates for cancer retargeting. This review summarises preclinical results of CAR-engineered NK cells using both primary human NK cells and the cell line NK-92, and provides an overview about the first clinical CAR-NK cell studies targeting haematological malignancies and solid tumours, respectively.

中文翻译：

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用于癌症重新靶向的表达 CAR 的自然杀伤细胞

自2017年获批并获得Kymriah®和Yescarta®的突出成功以来，研究嵌合抗原受体修饰的自体T细胞的安全性和有效性的临床试验数量不断增加。目前，clinicaltrial.gov 上列出了 200 多项临床试验。与 CAR-T 细胞相比，来自同种异体供体的自然杀伤 (NK) 细胞可以用作“现成产品”，并为癌症重新靶向提供替代候选者。本综述总结了使用原代人类 NK 细胞和细胞系 NK-92 的 CAR 工程化 NK 细胞的临床前结果，并概述了分别针对血液系统恶性肿瘤和实体瘤的首个临床 CAR-NK 细胞研究。