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Citizen science informs human-tick exposure in the Northeastern United States.
International Journal of Health Geographics ( IF 4.9 ) Pub Date : 2019-05-07 , DOI: 10.1186/s12942-019-0173-0
W Tanner Porter 1 , Peter J Motyka 1 , Julie Wachara 1 , Zachary A Barrand 1 , Zahraa Hmood 1 , Marya McLaughlin 1 , Kelsey Pemberton 1 , Nathan C Nieto 1
Affiliation  

BACKGROUND Tick-borne disease is the result of spillover of pathogens into the human population. Traditionally, literature has focused on characterization of tick-borne disease pathogens and ticks in their sylvatic cycles. A limited amount of research has focused on human-tick exposure in this system, especially in the Northeastern United States. Human-tick interactions are crucial to consider when assessing the risk of tick-borne disease since a tick bite is required for spillover to occur. METHODS Citizen scientists collected ticks from the Northeastern US through a free nationwide program. Submitted ticks were identified to species, stage, and sex. Blacklegged ticks, Ixodes scapularis, were tested for the presence of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (s.l.) and hard-tick relapsing fever Borrelia. Seasonality of exposure and the citizen science activity during tick exposure was recorded by the citizen scientist. A negative binomial model was fit to predict county level CDC Lyme disease cases in 2016 using citizen science Ixodes scapularis submissions, state, and county population as predictor variables. RESULTS A total of 3740 submissions, comprising 4261 ticks, were submitted from the Northeastern US and were reported to be parasitizing humans. Of the three species submitted, blacklegged ticks were the most prevalent followed by American dog ticks and lone star ticks. Submissions peaked in May with the majority of exposure occurring during every-day activities. The most common pathogen in blacklegged ticks was B. burgdorferi s.l. followed by hard-tick relapsing fever Borrelia. Negative binomial model performance was best in New England states followed by Middle Atlantic states. CONCLUSIONS Citizen science provides a low-cost and effective methodology for describing the seasonality and characteristics of human-tick exposure. In the Northeastern US, everyday activities were identified as a major mechanism for tick exposure, supporting the role of peri-domestic exposure in tick-borne disease. Citizen science provides a method for broad pathogen and tick surveillance, which is highly related to human disease, allowing for inferences to be made about the epidemiology of tick-borne disease.

中文翻译:

公民科学告知了美国东北部的人类t虫接触情况。

背景技术T传播的疾病是病原体溢出到人群中的结果。传统上,文献集中在tick传播疾病病原体和其动周期中的tick的表征上。在此系统中,特别是在美国东北部,有限的研究集中在人t暴露。在评估壁虱传播疾病的风险时,必须考虑人与壁虱的相互作用,因为需要滴答叮咬才能发生溢出。方法公民科学家通过免费的全国性计划从美国东北部收集tick。提交的s被识别为物种,阶段和性别。测试了黑腿tick,肩x小x(Ixodes scapularis)是否存在伯氏疏螺旋体(borelia burgdorferi sensu lato,sl)和硬-复发性伯氏疏螺旋体。公民科学家记录了tick暴露期间的暴露季节和公民科学活动。负二项式模型适合于使用市民科学的肩I鳍提交,州和县人口作为预测变量来预测2016年县级CDC莱姆病病例。结果从美国东北部总共提交了3740份意见书,包括4261滴答,被报道是对人类的寄生虫。在提交的三个物种中,黑脚tick是最普遍的,其次是美国狗dog和孤星tick。提交量在5月达到顶峰,大部分的暴露发生在日常活动中。黑脚tick中最常见的病原体是B. burgdorferi sl,其次是硬t的复发性伯瑞氏菌。负二项式模型在新英格兰州中表现最好,其次是中大西洋州。结论公民科学提供了一种低成本有效的方法来描述人类human虫暴露的季节性和特征。在美国东北部,日常活动被确定为tick暴露的主要机制,支持了家养周暴露在tick传播疾病中的作用。公民科学提供了一种广泛的病原体和壁虱监测方法,该方法与人类疾病高度相关,因此可以推断壁虱传播疾病的流行病学。日常活动被确定为tick暴露的主要机制,支持了家养周暴露在tick传播疾病中的作用。公民科学提供了一种广泛的病原体和壁虱监测方法,该方法与人类疾病高度相关,因此可以推断壁虱传播疾病的流行病学。日常活动被确定为tick暴露的主要机制,支持了家养周暴露在tick传播疾病中的作用。公民科学提供了一种广泛的病原体和壁虱监测方法,该方法与人类疾病高度相关,可以推断壁虱传播疾病的流行病学。
更新日期:2020-04-22
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