Presence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL-E), AmpC-producing and carbapenemase-producing (CPE) Enterobacteriaceae has been observed not only in the clinical environment, but also in the out-of-hospital environment. The objective of this study was to isolate and characterize strains of ESBL, AmpC, and CPE present in feces of healthy carriers in Navarra (n = 125). Despite the fact that no CPE strains were isolated, 16% and 11.2% of the studied population were ESBL-E and AmpC carriers, respectively. No significant differences were found by gender or age; young people (5–18 years old) showed the highest ESBL-E prevalence (31.8%). The isolates corresponded to E. coli (57.1%), Enterobacter spp. (28.6%), and Citrobacter freundii (14.3%), and all strains showed multidrug-resistant profiles. High resistance against cephalosporins, penicillins, and monobactams, and sensitivity to carbapenems, quinolones, and aminoglycosides were observed. With respect to ESBL producers, 52.4% were CTX-M-type (19.0% CTX-M-14, 9.5% CTX-M-1, and 28.6% CTX-M-15) and 47.6% were TEM-type (38.1% TEM-171). These results confirm the extensive dissemination of these resistances among a healthy population and pose the need to implement control measures and strategies according to the One Health approach in order to prevent the increase of severe and untreatable infections in a not far future.

中文翻译：

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健康人类携带者中产生β-内酰胺酶的肠杆菌科细菌的流行和特征。

不仅在临床环境中，而且在医院外环境中，都观察到存在广谱β-内酰胺酶（ESBL-E），产生AmpC和产生碳青霉烯酶（CPE）的肠杆菌科。这项研究的目的是分离和鉴定纳瓦拉（n  = 125）健康携带者粪便中存在的ESBL，AmpC和CPE菌株。尽管没有分离出CPE菌株，但分别有16％和11.2％的人是ESBL-E和AmpC携带者。没有发现性别或年龄的显着差异；年轻人（5-18岁）的ESBL-E患病率最高（31.8％）。分离物对应于大肠杆菌（57.1％），肠杆菌属。（28.6％），和弗氏柠檬酸杆菌（14.3％），所有菌株均表现出多重耐药性。观察到对头孢菌素，青霉素和单bactams的高耐药性，并对碳青霉烯类，喹诺酮类和氨基糖苷类药物敏感。对于ESBL生产商，CTX-M型占52.4％（CTX-M-14为19.0％，CTX-M-1为9.5％，CTX-M-15为28.6％），TEM型为47.6％（38.1％）。 TEM-171）。这些结果证实了这些抗药性在健康人群中的广泛传播，因此有必要根据“单一健康”方法实施控制措施和策略，以防止在不久的将来出现严重且无法治愈的感染。