This review article summarises hepatitis E virus (HEV) blood donation screening strategies in effect in the European Union (EU). Since 2012, eight EU countries have implemented HEV screening. Local rates of seroprevalence, RNA incidence, and molecular epidemiology are variable and not usually directly comparable. We report a range of HEV-RNA reactivity rates from 1 in 744 donations (France) to 1 in 8,636 donations (Wales) with an overall EU rate of 1 in 3,109 donations (3.2 million donations screened). HEV genotypes 3c, 3e, and 3f are the most frequently reported subtypes. In these 8 countries, both universal (n = 5) and selective (n = 3) screening policies have been introduced utilising either individual donation (ID; n = 1) or mini-pool (MP; n = 7; MP-6, -16, -24, and -96) testing. We also describe the Irish experience of HEV screening utilising an ID-NAT-based donor screening algorithm which intercepts donations even from those with low-level viraemia; 21 of 56 donors (37.5%) had a viral load (VL) < 100 IU/mL. We performed a MP-24 experiment which may prove useful to colleagues in relation to donor screening and associated blood component transmissibility. Irish results indicate that 59% of donors with a HEV-VL < 450 IU/mL may have screened negative in a MP-24.

中文翻译：

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欧盟对献血者进行戊型肝炎病毒筛查

本文总结了欧盟 (EU) 现行的戊型肝炎病毒 (HEV) 献血筛查策略。自2012年以来，八个欧盟国家实施了HEV筛查。当地血清流行率、RNA 发病率和分子流行病学各不相同，通常无法直接比较。我们报告了一系列 HEV-RNA 反应率，从 744 份捐赠中 1 份（法国）到 8,636 份捐赠中 1 份（威尔士），欧盟总体反应率为 3,109 份捐赠中 1 份（筛选了 320 万份捐赠）。HEV 基因型 3c、3e 和 3f 是最常报道的亚型。在这 8 个国家中，利用个人捐赠（ID；n = 1）或迷你库（MP；n = 7；MP-6， -16、-24 和 -96) 测试。我们还描述了爱尔兰使用基于 ID-NAT 的捐赠者筛查算法进行 HEV 筛查的经验，该算法甚至可以拦截来自低水平病毒血症患者的捐赠；56 名捐献者中有 21 名 (37.5%) 的病毒载量 (VL) < 100 IU/mL。我们进行了一项 MP-24 实验，该实验可能对同事在献血者筛选和相关血液成分传播性方面有用。爱尔兰的结果表明，59% 的 HEV-VL < 450 IU/mL 的捐赠者可能在 MP-24 中筛查出阴性。