I was drawn into research in George Wald's laboratory at Harvard, where as an undergraduate and graduate student, I studied vitamin A deficiency and dark adaptation. A chance observation while an assistant professor at Harvard led to the major research of my career-to understand the functional organization of vertebrate retinas. I started with a retinal circuit analysis of the primate retina with Brian Boycott and intracellular retinal cell recordings in mudpuppies with Frank Werblin. Subsequent pharmacology studies with Berndt Ehinger primarily with fish focused on dopamine and neuromodulation. Using zebrafish, we studied retinal development, neuronal connectivity, and the effects of genetic mutations on retinal structure and function. Now semi-retired, I have returned to primate retinal circuitry, undertaking a connectomic analysis of the human fovea in Jeffrey Lichtman's laboratory.

中文翻译：

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视觉生活。

我被哈佛大学乔治·沃尔德（George Wald）实验室的研究所吸引，作为一名本科生和研究生，我研究了维生素A缺乏症和黑暗适应性。在哈佛大学助理教授的带领下进行了一次偶然的观察，从而进行了我的职业生涯的主要研究-了解脊椎动物视网膜的功能组织。我首先使用Brian Boycott对灵长类动物视网膜进行视网膜回路分析，并使用Frank Werblin对泥浆幼犬的细胞内视网膜细胞记录进行了研究。随后对Berndt Ehinger进行的药理研究主要针对鱼类，重点是多巴胺和神经调节。我们使用斑马鱼研究了视网膜的发育，神经元的连通性以及遗传突变对视网膜结构和功能的影响。现在半退休了，我回到了灵长类动物的视网膜回路，