PURPOSE This study aims to describe the association of first trimester co-use of tobacco and cannabis with maternal immune response and psychosocial well-being, relative to tobacco use only. METHODS A preliminary midpoint analysis included 138 pregnant women with biologically verified tobacco use, 38 of whom (28%) also tested positive for recent cannabis use. Maternal perceived stress (Perceived Stress Scale), depressive symptoms (Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale), and serum immune markers (IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNFα, CRP, MMP8), were collected, although cytokine data were only available for 122 women. RESULTS Participant average age was 29.1 years, approximately half had a high school education or less, and half were unemployed. Compared to tobacco only users, co-users were more likely to be non-White, younger and more economically disadvantaged. In the adjusted linear regression models, TNF-α levels were significantly lower among co-users relative to tobacco only users, after adjusting for age, race/ethnicity, body mass index and tobacco use group (tobacco cigarettes, electronic nicotine delivery devices [ENDS] or both). TNF-α was the only immune marker found to be significant in this analysis. Measured stress levels (M = 5.9, SD = 3.3; potential range 0-16) and depression scores (M = 7.8, SD = 5.8; potential range 0-30) were low across all participants and did not differ as a function of co-use. CONCLUSION Preliminary results suggest women co-using during the first trimester exhibit decreased pro-inflammatory immune responsivity on one out of eight markers. Further research is needed to determine the impact of this immune modulation on fetal health outcomes and the unique contribution of cannabis.

中文翻译：

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孕早期并用烟草和大麻与产前免疫反应和社会心理健康之间的关联。

目的本研究旨在描述与仅使用烟草有关的早孕期烟草和大麻共同使用与孕妇免疫反应和社会心理健康的关系。方法初步的中点分析包括138名经过生物学验证的烟草使用的孕妇，其中38名（28％）的近期大麻使用也呈阳性。产妇的感知压力（感知压力量表），抑郁症状（爱丁堡产后抑郁量表）和血清免疫标志物（IL-1β，IL-2，IL-6，IL-8，IL-10，TNFα，CRP，MMP8），尽管只有122名妇女可获得细胞因子数据，但仍进行了收集。结果参与者的平均年龄为29.1岁，大约一半具有高中或以下学历，一半则处于失业状态。与仅烟草使用者相比，共同使用者更可能是非白人，更年轻，经济上更不利。在调整后的线性回归模型中，在调整了年龄，种族/民族，体重指数和烟草使用组（烟草香烟，电子尼古丁传送装置）后，共同使用者中的TNF-α水平显着低于仅烟草使用者。 ] 或两者）。TNF-α是唯一在此分析中具有重要意义的免疫标记。在所有参与者中，测得的压力水平（M = 5.9，SD = 3.3；潜在范围0-16）和抑郁评分（M = 7.8，SD = 5.8；潜在范围0-30）在所有参与者中均较低，并且与co -采用。结论初步结果表明，在妊娠前三个月中，女性共同使用的八种标志物中的一种具有降低的促炎免疫反应性。