The aim of the present study was to evaluate the occurrence of 23 mycotoxins in beer purchased in Mexico and to assess two exposure scenarios in the Mexican population through beer consumption. Multi-mycotoxin analysis of a total of 61 different beers (132 samples) was carried out using UHPLC-MS/MS equipment. Probability density functions were used to describe mycotoxins contamination. The daily intake of mycotoxins was estimated using a semi-probabilistic approach, applying the Monte Carlo method. Deoxynivalenol (DON) and its metabolites (deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside (DON3G) and 3-acetyl-deoxynivalenol (3ADON)) were the mycotoxins found in higher proportions in contaminated samples. None of the other mycotoxins overpassed the limit of quantification (LOQ) of the method. The combined intake of DON and its analogues ranged from 5.24 to 86.59 ng kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹, which represent from 1.20 to 19.83% of the DON TDI. The results suggest that depending on the individual consumption of beer and depending on the type of beer, the intake of DON via beer could represent a significant percentage of the tolerable daily intake (TDI).

中文翻译：

---

墨西哥市场啤酒中霉菌毒素的频率和水平以及脱氧雪腐酚霉菌毒素的暴露估计。

本研究的目的是评估在墨西哥购买的啤酒中23种真菌毒素的发生，并通过啤酒消费来评估墨西哥人口中的两种暴露情况。使用UHPLC-MS / MS设备对总共61种不同的啤酒（132个样品）进行多真菌毒素分析。概率密度函数用于描述霉菌毒素污染。霉菌毒素的每日摄入量是采用蒙特卡罗方法采用半概率方法估算的。脱氧雪腐烯醇（DON）及其代谢产物（脱氧雪茄醇-3-葡萄糖苷（DON3G）和3-乙酰基脱氧雪茄烯醇（3ADON））在被污染的样品中所占比例较高。其他真菌毒素均未超过该方法的定量限（LOQ）。DON及其类似物的总摄入量为5.24至86.59 ng kg^-1  bw day ^-1，占DON TDI的1.20％至19.83％。结果表明，取决于个人的啤酒消费量和类型的啤酒，通过啤酒摄入的DON可能占可忍受的每日摄入量（TDI）的很大一部分。