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Study of the theory of mind in normal aging: focus on the deception detection and its links with other cognitive functions.
Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition ( IF 2.102 ) Pub Date : 2019-06-12 , DOI: 10.1080/13825585.2019.1628176
Cristina Calso 1, 2 , Jérémy Besnard 1 , Philippe Allain 1, 3
Affiliation  

Detection of deception is crucial to avoid negative circumstances (financial frauds, social tricks) in daily living. Considering that this cognitive function is especially supported by the prefrontal cortex of the human brain and that these cerebral regions change with advanced age, deception detection may also change with aging. Our purpose is to study this complex ability and its potential links with other cognitive functions, such as the executive control, in normal aging. Thirty-five young adults (YA) aged from 20 to 40, thirty-five old adults (OA) aged from 65 to 79 and thirty very old adults (VOA) aged from 80 to 95 were involved in this study. We propose a novel neuropsychological test (inspired by Theory of Mind Picture Story task) assessing the ability to understand deceptive and cooperative interactions, and tasks involving executive processes (monitoring, task setting, flexibility) to all participants. Between-group analyses show that older participants performed worse than YA on deceptive, cooperative and mixed situations (involving deception and reciprocity) of our task. Significant correlations exist between the deception-cooperation detection and the executive functions. Our results show that these frontal abilities decline after 65 years, even more after 80 years, and they are involved on the deceptive-cooperative situations. The verbal IQ is also linked with the deception-cooperation detection. This suggests that mixed cognitive trainings would allow older adults to detect more easily bad intentions of others, to adjust their behavior to context and to achieve their goals with less risk.

中文翻译:

正常衰老中的心理理论研究:专注于欺骗检测及其与其他认知功能的联系。

检测欺骗对避免日常生活中的负面情况(财务欺诈,社交技巧)至关重要。考虑到这种认知功能特别受到人脑前额叶皮层的支持,并且这些大脑区域随年龄增长而变化,因此欺骗检测也可能随年龄变化而变化。我们的目的是研究这种复杂的能力及其在正常衰老中与其他认知功能(例如执行控制)的潜在联系。该研究涉及年龄在20至40岁之间的35位年轻人(YA),年龄在65至79岁之间的35位老年人(OA)和年龄在80至95岁之间的30位非常大的成年人(VOA)。我们提出了一种新颖的神经心理学测试(受“心理图片故事理论”任务启发),用于评估理解欺骗性和合作性相互作用的能力,以及涉及所有参与者的执行流程(监视,任务设置,灵活性)的任务。小组之间的分析表明,在我们的任务的欺骗性,合作性和混合性情况(涉及欺骗和对等)下,年长参与者的表现比YA差。欺骗合作检测与执行功能之间存在显着的相关性。我们的结果表明,这些额叶能力在65年后会下降,在80年后甚至会下降,并且会涉及到欺骗性合作情况。言语智商也与欺骗合作检测联系在一起。这表明,混合认知训练将使老年人更容易发现他人的不良意图,使其行为适应环境并以较低的风险实现其目标。灵活性)。小组之间的分析表明,在我们的任务的欺骗性,合作性和混合性情况(涉及欺骗和对等)下,年长参与者的表现比YA差。欺骗合作检测与执行功能之间存在显着的相关性。我们的结果表明,这些额叶能力在65年后会下降,在80年后甚至会下降,并且会涉及到欺骗性合作情况。言语智商也与欺骗合作检测联系在一起。这表明,混合认知训练将使老年人更容易发现他人的不良意图,使其行为适应环境并以较低的风险实现其目标。灵活性)。小组之间的分析表明,在我们的任务的欺骗性,合作性和混合性情况(涉及欺骗和对等)下,年长参与者的表现比YA差。欺骗合作检测与执行功能之间存在显着的相关性。我们的结果表明,这些额叶能力在65年后会下降,在80年后甚至会下降,并且会涉及到欺骗性合作情况。言语智商也与欺骗合作检测联系在一起。这表明,混合认知训练将使老年人更容易发现他人的不良意图,使其行为适应环境并以较低的风险实现其目标。合作和混合情况(涉及欺骗和互惠)。欺骗合作检测与执行功能之间存在显着的相关性。我们的结果表明,这些额叶能力在65年后会下降,在80年后甚至会下降,并且会涉及到欺骗性合作情况。言语智商也与欺骗合作检测联系在一起。这表明,混合认知训练将使老年人更容易发现他人的不良意图,使其行为适应环境并以较低的风险实现其目标。合作和混合情况(涉及欺骗和互惠)。欺骗合作检测与执行功能之间存在显着的相关性。我们的结果表明,这些额叶能力在65年后会下降,在80年后甚至会下降,并且会涉及到欺骗性合作情况。言语智商也与欺骗合作检测联系在一起。这表明,混合认知训练将使老年人更容易发现他人的不良意图,使其行为适应环境并以较低的风险实现其目标。80年后甚至更多,他们参与了欺骗性合作的情况。言语智商也与欺骗合作检测联系在一起。这表明,混合认知训练将使老年人更容易发现他人的不良意图,使其行为适应环境并以较低的风险实现其目标。80年后甚至更多,他们参与了欺骗性合作的情况。言语智商也与欺骗合作检测联系在一起。这表明,混合认知训练将使老年人更容易发现他人的不良意图,使其行为适应环境并以较低的风险实现其目标。
更新日期:2019-11-01
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