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Evolution of acuteness in pathogen metapopulations: conflicts between "classical" and invasion-persistence trade-offs.
Theoretical Ecology ( IF 1.6 ) Pub Date : 2014-04-29 , DOI: 10.1007/s12080-014-0219-7
Sourya Shrestha 1 , Ottar N Bjørnstad 2 , Aaron A King 1
Affiliation  

Classical life-history theory predicts that acute, immunizing pathogens should maximize between-host transmission. When such pathogens induce violent epidemic outbreaks, however, a pathogen’s short-term advantage at invasion may come at the expense of its ability to persist in the population over the long term. Here, we seek to understand how the classical and invasion-persistence trade-offs interact to shape pathogen life-history evolution as a function of the size and structure of the host population. We develop an individual-based infection model at three distinct levels of organization: within an individual host, among hosts within a local population, and among local populations within a metapopulation. We find a continuum of evolutionarily stable pathogen strategies. At one end of the spectrum—in large well-mixed populations—pathogens evolve to greater acuteness to maximize between-host transmission: the classical trade-off theory applies in this regime. At the other end of the spectrum—when the host population is broken into many small patches—selection favors less acute pathogens, which persist longer within a patch and thereby achieve enhanced between-patch transmission: the invasion-persistence trade-off dominates in this regime. Between these extremes, we explore the effects of the size and structure of the host population in determining pathogen strategy. In general, pathogen strategies respond to evolutionary pressures arising at both scales.

中文翻译:

病原体复合种群急性期的演变:“经典”与入侵-持久性权衡之间的冲突。

经典的生活史理论预测,急性的、具有免疫能力的病原体应该最大限度地增加宿主间的传播。然而,当这些病原体引起剧烈的流行病爆发时,病原体在入侵时的短期优势可能会以牺牲其长期在种群中持续存在的能力为代价。在这里,我们试图了解经典和入侵 - 持久性权衡如何相互作用,以根据宿主种群的大小和结构来塑造病原体的生活史进化。我们在三个不同的组织层次上开发了基于个体的感染模型:在单个宿主内、在本地种群内的宿主之间以及在集合种群内的本地种群之间。我们发现了一系列进化稳定的病原体策略。在光谱的一端——在混合良好的大型种群中——病原体进化到更大的程度,以最大限度地提高宿主之间的传播:经典的权衡理论适用于这种情况。在光谱的另一端——当宿主种群被分成许多小块时——选择有利于不太急性的病原体,它们在一个斑块内持续时间更长,从而实现增强的斑块间传播:入侵-持久性权衡在这方面占主导地位政权。在这些极端之间,我们探索了宿主种群的大小和结构对确定病原体策略的影响。一般来说,病原体策略会对两个尺度上出现的进化压力做出反应。在光谱的另一端——当宿主种群被分成许多小块时——选择有利于不太急性的病原体,它们在一个补丁内持续时间更长,从而实现增强的补丁间传播:入侵-持久性权衡在这方面占主导地位政权。在这些极端之间,我们探索了宿主种群的大小和结构对确定病原体策略的影响。一般来说,病原体策略会对两个尺度上出现的进化压力做出反应。在光谱的另一端——当宿主种群被分成许多小块时——选择有利于不太急性的病原体,它们在一个补丁内持续时间更长,从而实现增强的补丁间传播:入侵-持久性权衡在这方面占主导地位政权。在这些极端之间,我们探索了宿主种群的大小和结构对确定病原体策略的影响。一般来说,病原体策略会对两个尺度上出现的进化压力做出反应。我们探讨了宿主种群的大小和结构对确定病原体策略的影响。一般来说,病原体策略会对两个尺度上出现的进化压力做出反应。我们探讨了宿主种群的大小和结构对确定病原体策略的影响。一般来说,病原体策略会对两个尺度上出现的进化压力做出反应。
更新日期:2014-04-29
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