ABSTRACT Migrating cells have to cross many physical barriers and confined in 3D environments. The surrounding environment promotes mechano- and biological signals that orchestrate cellular changes, such as cytoskeletal and adhesion rearrangements and proteolytic digestion. Recent studies provide new insights into how the nucleus must alter its shape, localization and mechanical properties in order to promote nuclear deformability, chromatin compaction and gene reprogramming. It is known that the chromatin structure contributes directly to genomic and non-genomic functions, such as gene transcription and the physical properties of the nucleus. Here, we appraise paradigms and novel insights regarding the functional role of chromatin during nuclear deformation. In so doing, we review how constraint and mechanical conditions influence the structure, localization and chromatin decompaction. Finally, we highlight the emerging roles of mechanogenomics and the molecular basis of nucleoskeletal components, which open unexplored territory to understand how cells regulate their chromatin and modify the nucleus.

中文翻译：

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表观遗传变化对核动力学的新贡献

摘要 迁移细胞必须跨越许多物理障碍并被限制在 3D 环境中。周围环境促进了协调细胞变化的机械和生物信号，例如细胞骨架和粘附重排以及蛋白水解消化。最近的研究为细胞核必须如何改变其形状、定位和机械特性以促进核变形、染色质压实和基因重编程提供了新的见解。众所周知，染色质结构直接影响基因组和非基因组功能，例如基因转录和细胞核的物理特性。在这里，我们评估关于染色质在核变形过程中的功能作用的范例和新见解。在这样做的过程中，我们回顾了约束和机械条件如何影响结构，定位和染色质分解。最后，我们强调了机械基因组学的新兴作用和核骨骼成分的分子基础，这开辟了未探索的领域，以了解细胞如何调节其染色质和修改细胞核。