The comparative biology of reproduction and development in mammalian species is remarkable. Hence, because of similarities in environmental and neuroendocrine control of the reproductive axis, the cyclic function of the ovary and reproductive tract, establishment and control of the maternal-fetal-placental unit during pregnancy, and reproductive aging from puberty through menopause, nonhuman primates (NHPs) are valuable models for research related to women's reproductive health and its disorders. This chapter provides examples of research over the past 10+ years using Old World monkeys (notably macaque species), baboons, and to a lesser extent New World monkeys (especially marmosets) that contributed to our understanding of the etiology and therapies or prevention of: (1) ovarian disorders, e.g., polycystic ovary syndrome, mitochondrial DNA-based diseases from the oocyte; (2) uterine disorders, for example, endometriosis and uterine transplantation; and (3) pregnancy disorders, for example, preterm labor and delivery, environmental factors. Also, emerging opportunities such as viral (e.g., Zika) induced fetal defects and germline genomic editing to generate valuable primate models of human diseases (e.g., Huntington and muscular dystrophy) are addressed. Although the high costs, specialized resources, and ethical debate challenge the use of primates in biomedical research, their inclusion in fertility and infertility research is vital for continued improvements in women's reproductive health.

中文翻译：

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非人类灵长类动物：女性生殖、产前发育和妇女健康基础和应用研究的重要模型。

哺乳动物物种繁殖和发育的比较生物学是引人注目的。因此，由于生殖轴的环境和神经内分泌控制、卵巢和生殖道的循环功能、怀孕期间母体-胎儿-胎盘单位的建立和控制以及从青春期到更年期的生殖衰老的相似性，非人类灵长类动物（ NHP）是与妇女生殖健康及其疾病相关的研究的有价值的模型。本章提供了过去 10 多年使用旧世界猴子（特别是猕猴）、狒狒以及较小程度上新世界猴子（特别是狨猴）进行的研究示例，这些研究有助于我们了解以下疾病的病因和治疗或预防： (1)卵巢疾病，例如多囊卵巢综合征、卵母细胞线粒体DNA疾病；(2)子宫疾病，例如子宫内膜异位症、子宫移植等；(3)妊娠异常，如早产、分娩、环境因素等。此外，还讨论了病毒（例如寨卡病毒）引起的胎儿缺陷和种系基因组编辑等新兴机会，以生成有价值的人类疾病（例如亨廷顿病和肌营养不良症）的灵长类动物模型。尽管高昂的成本、专门的资源和伦理辩论对灵长类动物在生物医学研究中的使用提出了挑战，但将其纳入生育和不孕不育研究对于持续改善妇女的生殖健康至关重要。