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The Sea of Quarks and Antiquarks in the Nucleon
Reports on Progress in Physics ( IF 18.1 ) Pub Date : 2019-03-05 , DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/ab05a7
D F Geesaman 1 , P E Reimer
Affiliation  

The quark and gluon structure of the proton has been under intense experimental and theoretical investigation for five decades. Even for the distributions of the well-studied valence quarks, challenges such as the value of the down quark to up quark ratio at high fractional momenta remain. Much of the sea of quark-antiquark pairs emerges from the splitting of gluons and is well described by perturbative evolution in quantum chromodynamics. However, experiments confirm that there is a non-perturbative component to the sea that is not well understood and hitherto has been difficult to calculate with ab initio non-perturbative methods. This non-perturbative structure shows up, perhaps most directly, in the flavor dependence of the sea antiquark distributions. While some of the general trends can be reproduced by models, there are features of the data that do not seem to be well described. This article discusses the experimental situation, the status of calculations and models, and the directions where these studies will progress in the near future.

中文翻译:

核子中的夸克海和反夸克海

五十年来,质子的夸克和胶子结构一直在激烈的实验和理论研究中。即使对于经过充分研究的价夸克的分布,诸如在高分数动量下下夸克与上夸克之比的值等挑战仍然存在。夸克-反夸克对的海洋中的大部分来自胶子的分裂,并通过量子色动力学中的微扰演化得到了很好的描述。然而,实验证实,海洋中存在一个尚未被充分理解的非微扰分量,迄今为止很难用从头计算的非微扰方法进行计算。这种非微扰结构可能最直接地体现在海反夸克分布的风味依赖性中。虽然一些总体趋势可以通过模型再现,数据的某些特征似乎没有得到很好的描述。本文讨论了实验情况、计算和模型的状态,以及这些研究在不久的将来的进展方向。
更新日期:2019-03-05
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