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Climate smart agriculture, farm household typologies and food security
Agricultural Systems ( IF 6.6 ) Pub Date : 2018-01-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.agsy.2017.09.007
Santiago Lopez-Ridaura 1 , Romain Frelat 1, 2 , Mark T van Wijk 2 , Diego Valbuena 3 , Timothy J Krupnik 4 , M L Jat 5
Affiliation  

One of the great challenges in agricultural development and sustainable intensification is the assurance of social equity in food security oriented interventions. Development practitioners, researchers, and policy makers alike could benefit from prior insight into what interventions or environmental shocks might differentially affect farmers' food security status, in order to move towards more informed and equitable development. We examined the food security status and livelihood activities of 269 smallholder farm households (HHs) in Bihar, India. Proceeding with a four-step analysis, we first applied a multivariate statistical methodology to differentiate five primary farming system types. We next applied an indicator of food security in the form of HH potential food availability (PFA), and examined the contribution of crop, livestock, and on- and off-farm income generation to PFA within each farm HH type. Lastly, we applied scenario analysis to examine the potential impact of the adoption of ‘climate smart’ agricultural (CSA) practices in the form of conservation agriculture (CA) and improved livestock husbandry, and environmental shocks on HH PFA. Our results indicate that compared to livestock interventions, CA may hold considerable potential to boost HH PFA, though primarily for wealthier and medium-scale cereal farmers. These farm HH types were however considerably more vulnerable to food insecurity risks resulting from simulated drought, while part-time farmers and resource-poor agricultural laborers generating income from off-farm pursuits were comparatively less vulnerable, due in part to their more diversified income sources and potential to migrate in search of work. Our results underscore the importance of prior planning for development initiatives aimed at increasing smallholder food security while maintaining social equity, while providing a robust methodology to vet the implications of agricultural interventions on an ex ante basis.

中文翻译:

气候智能农业、农户类型和粮食安全

农业发展和可持续集约化面临的一大挑战是确保以粮食安全为导向的干预措施中的社会公平。发展从业者、研究人员和政策制定者等可以从对哪些干预措施或环境冲击可能对农民的粮食安全状况产生不同影响的事先洞察中受益,以便朝着更加知情和公平的发展迈进。我们调查了印度比哈尔邦 269 个小农户 (HH) 的粮食安全状况和生计活动。继续进行四步分析,我们首先应用多元统计方法来区分五种主要农业系统类型。接下来,我们以 HH 潜在粮食可用性 (PFA) 的形式应用了粮食安全指标,并检查了作物、牲畜、以及每个农场 HH 类型内的 PFA 的场内和场外创收。最后,我们应用情景分析来检查采用保护性农业 (CA) 和改进畜牧业形式的“气候智能”农业 (CSA) 实践的潜在影响,以及环境冲击对 HH PFA 的潜在影响。我们的结果表明,与牲畜干预相比,CA 可能具有提高 HH PFA 的相当大的潜力,尽管主要是针对较富裕和中等规模的谷物农民。然而,这些农场 HH 类型更容易受到模拟干旱导致的粮食不安全风险的影响,而兼职农民和资源贫乏的农业劳动力从非农活动中获得收入则相对不那么脆弱,部分原因是他们的收入来源更加多样化以及为寻找工作而迁移的潜力。
更新日期:2018-01-01
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