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Wing morphology in featherwing beetles (Coleoptera: Ptiliidae): Features associated with miniaturization and functional scaling analysis.
Arthropod Structure & Development ( IF 2 ) Pub Date : 2019-01-11 , DOI: 10.1016/j.asd.2019.01.003
Alexey A Polilov 1 , Natalia I Reshetnikova 2 , Pyotr N Petrov 2 , Sergey E Farisenkov 2
Affiliation  

The wings of Ptiliidae, the coleopteran family containing the smallest free-living insects, are analyzed in detail for the first time. A reconstruction of the evolutionary sequence of changes associated with miniaturization is proposed. The wings of several species are described using light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The morphology and scaling are analyzed in comparison with larger representatives of related groups. The wings of all studied ptiliids show some degree of ptiloptery (feather-like shape, typical for extremely small insects). In larger ptiliids the wing contains at least five veins, has a wide blade, and bears a marginal fringe of 200-300 setae; in the smallest species it has three veins or fewer, a narrow blade, and about 40 setae along the margin. The setae are brush-like; peculiar outgrowths, denser towards the apex, increase the effective diameter of the setae. Morphometric analysis shows that the geometry of the wings and their elements strongly differs from those of other staphyliniform beetles, suggesting that the aerodynamics of the feather-like wings may also differ distinctly from the usual pattern.

中文翻译:

羽翼甲虫的翅形(鞘翅目:P科):与小型化和功能缩放分析相关的特征。

首次详细分析了鞘翅目科(Peliliidae)的翅翅目,该鞘翅目家族中生活着最小的昆虫。提出了与小型化有关的变化的进化顺序的重构。使用光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜描述了几种物种的翅膀。与相关团体的较大代表相比,对形态和结垢进行了分析。所有研究过的翼突的翅膀都表现出一定程度的翼状目(羽毛状,典型地表现为极小的昆虫)。在较大的翼突中,机翼至少有五条脉,叶片较宽,边缘边缘有200-300刚毛。在最小的物种中,它有三条或更少的脉,一个狭窄的叶片和沿边缘的大约40个刚毛。刚毛呈刷状。怪异的产物,朝向顶点更密,增加刚毛的有效直径。形态分析表明,机翼的几何形状及其元素与其他葡萄球菌的甲虫有很大的不同,这表明羽毛状机翼的空气动力学特性也可能与通常的模式明显不同。
更新日期:2019-11-01
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