In this review the presently available morphological data on primary larvae of Strepsiptera are interpreted with respect to effects of miniaturization, but also their possible functional or phylogenetic background. The morphology of the 1st instars is mainly affected by functional constraints linked with parasitism but also by very distinct effects of miniaturization. The latter include modifications of the cephalic cuticle, the extremely limited free space in the body lumen, the shift of origins of cephalic muscles to the thorax, a reduced number of cephalic and thoracic muscles, extensions of muscles with cell bodies and other organelles, and an extreme concentration of the entire central nervous system in the middle region of the body. Pad-like adhesive structures on the distal leg segment and the abdominal jumping apparatus are clearly linked with the necessity to attach to a potential host but would not function in distinctly larger organisms.

中文翻译：

---

小型化对链霉菌属（Insecta）原代幼虫的影响。

在这篇综述中，关于链霉菌的初级幼虫目前可获得的形态学数据是关于微型化作用的解释，也是关于它们可能的功能或系统发育背景的解释。第一龄幼虫的形态主要受寄生虫相关的功能限制的影响，但也受微型化的明显影响。后者包括头皮表皮的修饰，体腔内极有限的自由空间，头皮肌肉的起源转移到胸腔，头皮和胸部肌肉数量减少，具有细胞体和其他细胞器的肌肉延伸，以及整个中枢神经系统集中在身体中部。