The Kho population speaking Khowar language reside since long ago in Chitral District of North-western Pakistan. So far, no report is available about their genetic structure and relationship with surrounding population groups. We partially sequenced the mitochondrial DNA control region from 16 unrelated Kho male and female individuals of different ages. The D-Loop region sequences of Kho were aligned and compared with the revised Cambridge Reference Sequence (rCRS). The genetic data of Kho was compared with surrounding north-western Pakistani population groups including Pathan, Kashmiri, and Hazara. Comparison with rCRS identified overall 49 different haplotypes for Kho samples. Among these 21 haplotypes were shared by more than one Kho individuals. The genetic diversity and power of discrimination observed for Kho group were 0.215 and 0.202 respectively indicating the Kho tribe as a least differentiated group among north-western Pakistani populations. The haplogroup mapping, phylogenetic and haplotype network analysis revealed the nearby maternal ancestral relationship between Kho and Kashmiri populations. The haplogroups analysis demonstrates the western Eurasian ancestral origin of Kho samples. However, the appearance of a few South Asian haplogroups with low frequency speculate the Kho tribe as an admixed population of western Eurasian and South Asian genetic components.

中文翻译：

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基于mtDNA控制区序列的巴基斯坦西北部Kho种群遗传结构

说 Khowar 语言的 Kho 人口很久以前就居住在巴基斯坦西北部的 Chitral 区。到目前为止，还没有关于它们的遗传结构和与周围人群关系的报告。我们对来自不同年龄的 16 个无关 Kho 男性和女性个体的线粒体 DNA 控制区域进行了部分测序。将 Kho 的 D-Loop 区域序列与修订后的剑桥参考序列 (rCRS) 进行比对和比较。将 Kho 的基因数据与包括帕坦、克什米尔和哈扎拉在内的巴基斯坦西北部周边人群进行了比较。与 rCRS 的比较确定了 Kho 样本的总共 49 种不同的单倍型。在这 21 个单倍型中，不止一个 Kho 个体共享。对 Kho 组观察到的遗传多样性和辨别力分别为 0.215 和 0。202 分别表示 Kho 部落是巴基斯坦西北部人口中分化程度最低的群体。单倍群作图、系统发育和单倍型网络分析揭示了 Kho 和克什米尔人群之间附近的母系祖先关系。单倍群分析证明了 Kho 样本的欧亚西部祖先起源。然而，一些低频率的南亚单倍群的出现推测 Kho 部落是欧亚西部和南亚遗传成分的混合种群。单倍群分析证明了 Kho 样本的欧亚西部祖先起源。然而，一些低频率的南亚单倍群的出现推测 Kho 部落是欧亚西部和南亚遗传成分的混合种群。单倍群分析证明了 Kho 样本的欧亚西部祖先起源。然而，一些低频率的南亚单倍群的出现推测 Kho 部落是欧亚西部和南亚遗传成分的混合种群。