The most common way to treat item nonresponse in surveys is to replace a missing value by a plausible value constructed on the basis of fully observed variables. Treating the imputed values as if they were observed may lead to invalid inferences. Bootstrap variance estimators for various finite population parameters are obtained using two pseudo-population bootstrap schemes. We establish the asymptotic properties of the resulting bootstrap variance estimators for population totals and population quantiles. A simulation study suggests that the methods perform well in terms of relative bias and coverage probability.

中文翻译：

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用于估算调查数据的伪总体引导方法

在调查中处理项目无响应的最常见方法是用基于完全观察变量构建的合理值替换缺失值。将估算值视为观察值可能会导致无效推论。使用两个伪总体自举方案获得各种有限总体参数的自举方差估计量。我们为总体总数和总体分位数建立了所得自举方差估计量的渐近特性。模拟研究表明，这些方法在相对偏差和覆盖概率方面表现良好。