In fiscal year 2016, agricultural animals such as swine, sheep, goats, and cattle represented 10% of the 820 812 animals used in USDA-regulated research. In addition to traditional agricultural animals, research studies using captive wildlife are becoming increasingly important as human and livestock populations encroach upon, and thus expand interactions with, wildlife populations on the landscape. Optimum healthcare of both livestock and captive wildlife in a research setting requires proper husbandry, management, and veterinary care. Regardless of animal species, proper care and management are essential for animal well-being, valid research data, and the health and safety of animal care personnel. Using wildlife in research presents unique challenges as there is generally limited peer-reviewed research on wildlife welfare, husbandry, and nutrition. Animals often become excited during handling or transport, and care must be taken to avoid injury. When severe injuries do occur, differences may exist in methods of euthanasia. Many wildlife species are evolutionarily programmed to conceal signs of illness, making assessment of their condition difficult; moreover, attending veterinarians are often not as experienced in the care of wildlife as they are in the care of traditional laboratory animals or livestock. These differences are further magnified in the context of wildlife field research. The concepts of replace, reduce, and refine are as valid in livestock and wildlife research as in biomedical research, and investigators should work closely with their Institutional Animal Care and Use Committees to ensure humane animal care. The Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee is centrally important in providing guidelines relative to ethical use of animal subjects for research and can serve as a valuable resource for research accountability.

中文翻译：

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农业动物和野生动物研究。

在2016财年，猪，羊，山羊和牛等农用动物占USDA监管研究使用的820812只动物的10％。除了传统的农业动物外，随着人类和牲畜种群侵占景观，从而扩大与野生生物种群的互动，使用圈养野生动植物的研究变得越来越重要。在研究环境中，牲畜和圈养野生动物的最佳医疗保健需要适当的畜牧，管理和兽医护理。无论哪种动物，正确的护理和管理对于动物的福祉，有效的研究数据以及动物护理人员的健康与安全都是至关重要的。在野生生物研究中使用野生生物面临着独特的挑战，因为有关野生生物福利，畜牧业，和营养。动物在搬运或运输过程中经常变得兴奋，必须小心避免受伤。当确实发生严重伤害时，安乐死的方法可能存在差异。对许多野生动植物物种进行了进化编程，以掩盖疾病迹象，从而使其状况难以评估。此外，主治兽医通常没有像对待传统实验室动物或牲畜那样有丰富的野生动植物护理经验。这些差异在野生动植物实地研究的背景下进一步放大。替代，减少和改良的概念在牲畜和野生动植物研究中与在生物医学研究中一样有效，研究人员应与其机构动物护理和使用委员会密切合作，以确保人道动物护理。