BackgroundInfluenza A virus (IAV) belongs to the Orthomyxoviridae family. IAV causes a highly contagious respiratory disease in humans that exacts severe economic losses globally. The virus uses strategies developed to exploit and subvert cellular proteins and pathways to increase its own replication and to inhibit antiviral immune response.ResultsA/bar-headed goose/Qinghai/1/2005 (A/QH) was able to infect A549 and 293 T cells, with a high infection rate for A549 cells. To identify host cellular responses of human cells to influenza infection, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between AIV-infected groups and uninfected controls were identified using RNA-sequencing. The DEGs were annotated by Gene Ontology and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analyses, which revealed that the DEGs were mainly linked to cellular function and metabolic processes, while the cellular function that is probably associated with host cellular response of human cells, including defense response to virus and protein modification. All the DEGs and pathways were possibly involved in the response to IAV invasion.ConclusionsThe global transcriptome analysis results revealed that sensitive genes and pathways of the cells were infected with the influenza virus and provided further evidence to investigate the complicated relationship between IAV and host cells.

中文翻译：

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H5N1流感病毒感染的人类细胞的全球转录组分析

背景甲型流感病毒 (IAV) 属于正粘病毒科。IAV 在人类中引起高度传染性呼吸道疾病，在全球范围内造成严重的经济损失。该病毒使用开发的策略来利用和破坏细胞蛋白质和途径来增加其自身的复制并抑制抗病毒免疫反应。结果A/bar-headed goose/Qinghai/1/2005 (A/QH) 能够感染 A549 和 293 T细胞，对 A549 细胞具有高感染率。为了鉴定人类细胞对流感感染的宿主细胞反应，使用 RNA 测序鉴定了 AIV 感染组和未感染对照组之间的差异表达基因 (DEG)。DEGs由基因本体论和京都基因百科全书和基因组通路分析注释，结果表明，DEGs主要与细胞功能和代谢过程有关，而细胞功能可能与人体细胞的宿主细胞反应有关，包括对病毒的防御反应和蛋白质修饰。所有的DEGs和通路都可能参与了对IAV入侵的反应。结论全局转录组分析结果表明，流感病毒感染了细胞的敏感基因和通路，为研究IAV与宿主细胞之间复杂的关系提供了进一步的证据。