Cannabis is the most commonly used illicit drug among pregnant women, and rates are likely to increase given recent legalization. In addition, half of pregnant women who report consuming cannabis also report drinking alcohol. However, little is known about the consequences of prenatal cannabis alone or in combination with alcohol, particularly with cannabis products that are continually increasing in potency of the primary psychoactive constituent in cannabis, Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). The current study investigated the effects of early exposure to cannabinoids during the brain growth spurt on early physical and motor development alone (Experiment 1) or in combination with alcohol (Experiment 2). In Experiment 1, Sprague-Dawley rat pups were exposed to a cannabinoid receptor agonist (CP-55,940 [CP]; 0.1, 0.25, 0.4 mg/kg/day), the drug vehicle, or a saline control from postnatal days (PD) 4-9. In Experiment 2, rat pups were exposed to CP (0.4 mg/kg/day) or the vehicle, and were additionally intubated with alcohol (11.9% v/v; 5.25 g/kg/day) or received a sham intubation. Subjects in both experiments were tested on a motor development task (PD 12-20) and a motor coordination task during adolescence (PD 30-32). Both developmental cannabinoid and alcohol exposure separately decreased body growth throughout development, and combined exposure exacerbated these effects, although only alcohol exposure induced long-term body weight reductions. Developmental cannabinoid exposure advanced early motor development, whereas alcohol exposure delayed development, and subjects given combined exposure did not differ from controls on some measures. Alcohol exposure impaired motor coordination later in life. In contrast, cannabinoid exposure, by itself, did not significantly affect long-term motor coordination, but did exacerbate alcohol-related impairments in motor coordination among females. These results suggest that cannabinoid exposure may not only alter development by itself, but may exacerbate alcohol's teratogenic effects in specific behavioral domains. These findings have important implications not only for individuals affected by prenatal exposure, but also for establishing public policy for women regarding cannabis use during pregnancy.

中文翻译：

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大鼠妊娠后期酒精和大麻素暴露后运动发育的改变。

大麻是孕妇中最常用的非法药物，鉴于最近的合法化，大麻的使用率可能会增加。此外，一半报告食用大麻的孕妇也报告饮酒。但是，对产前大麻单独或与酒精混合使用，特别是大麻产品中的主要精神活性成分Δ9-四氢大麻酚（THC）效力不断提高的大麻产品的后果知之甚少。当前的研究调查了大脑生长突增期间早期接触大麻素对早期身体和运动发育的影响（实验1）或与酒精混合（实验2）的影响。在实验1中，将Sprague-Dawley大鼠幼崽暴露于大麻载体大麻素受体激动剂（CP-55,940 [CP]； 0.1、0.25、0.4 mg / kg / day），或出生后第4-9天的生理盐水控制。在实验2中，将幼鼠暴露于CP（0.4 mg / kg /天）或媒介中，并另外用酒精（11.9％v / v; 5.25 g / kg /天）进行插管或进行假插管。在两个实验中的受试者都进行了运动发育任务（PD 12-20）和青春期运动协调任务（PD 30-32）的测试。发育中的大麻素和酒精暴露会分别降低整个发育过程中的身体生长，并且联合暴露会加剧这些影响，尽管只有酒精暴露会导致长期体重减轻。发育中的大麻素暴露可促进早期运动发育，而酒精暴露会延迟发育，并且在某些方面，接受联合暴露的受试者与对照组无差异。饮酒会损害以后的运动协调能力。相比之下，大麻素暴露本身并不会显着影响长期运动协调能力，但会加剧女性酒精中与运动协调能力有关的损伤。这些结果表明，大麻素暴露不仅可能自身改变发育，而且可能加剧酒精在特定行为领域的致畸作用。这些发现不仅对受产前暴露影响的个人具有重要意义，而且对建立妇女在怀孕期间使用大麻的公共政策也具有重要意义。这些结果表明，大麻素暴露不仅可能自身改变发育，而且可能加剧酒精在特定行为领域的致畸作用。这些发现不仅对受产前暴露影响的个人具有重要意义，而且对建立妇女在怀孕期间使用大麻的公共政策也具有重要意义。这些结果表明，大麻素暴露不仅可能自身改变发育，而且可能加剧酒精在特定行为领域的致畸作用。这些发现不仅对受产前暴露影响的个人具有重要意义，而且对建立妇女在怀孕期间使用大麻的公共政策也具有重要意义。